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Cited by 234Child Abuse and TraumaStress Responses and CortisolChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Effects of early stress on brain structure and function: Implications for understanding the relationship between child maltreatment and depression

KAUFMAN, JOAN, CHARNEY, DENNIS·2001·Development and Psychopathology
DOI 10.1017/s0954579401003030
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Abstract

Child abuse is associated with markedly elevated rates of major depression (MDD) in child, adolescentt, and adult cohorts. This article reviews preclinical (e.g., animal) studies of the effects of early stress and studies of the neurobiological correlates of MDD in adults and children, and it highlights differences in the neurobiological correlates of MDD and stress at various developmental stages. The preclinical studies demonstrate that stress early in life can alter the development multiple neurotransmitter systems and promote structural and functional alterations in brain regions similar to those seen in adults with depression. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest, however, that long-term neurobiological changes associated with early stress can be modified by familial/genetic factors, the quality of the subsequent caregiving environment, and pharmacological interventions. Little is known about how developmental factors interact with experiences of early stress and these other modifying factors. Moreover, in cases of child maltreatment, the effects of early abuse are often exacerbated by failures in the child protection system and repeat out-of-home placements. Given the number of factors that impact on the long-term outcome of maltreated children, multidisciplinary research efforts are recommended to address this problem-with foci that span from neurobiology to social policy.

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Metadata

Authors
KAUFMAN, J., & CHARNEY, D.
Affiliations
  • Yale University (US)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (US)
ORCID
Venue
Development and Psychopathology
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2001-09
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
451-471
ISSN
  • 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-2198
DOI
10.1017/s0954579401003030
OpenAlex
W2067313498
Cited by
233
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 16
FWCI
9.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 26 d)
Locations
  • Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
early life stress, child abuse, major depressive disorder, brain structure, brain function, developmental stages, neurotransmitter systems, care environment, genetic factors, pharmacological interventions, child protection system, out-of-home placement, animal models of stress
MeSH terms
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Age Factors, Atrophy, Brain, Child, Child Abuse, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Hypothalamus, Neural Inhibition, Neurons, Norepinephrine, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

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