On the periphery of the inka empire: spatial arrangement at the pre-hispanic rock-art site of villavil 2 (catamarca, argentina)
Open accessAbstract
This paper describes the analysis of the Late Prehispanic rock-art site of Villavil 2 (Catamarca, Argentina). Despite its modest and inconspicuous nature, this is one of the few examples of rock-art sites known in the area to date. The relationship of the site with the surrounding landscape and the distribution of rock art throughout the site are analysed using a combination of GIS and 3D modelling. This analysis makes it possible to gain an understanding of the factors behind the location and distribution of rock art on different spatial scales. The interpretation presented here suggests that this rock art reproduces, on a modest local scale, patterns of production of Inka landscapes of control and dominion that have been recognized elsewhere, in sites with a much more obvious monumental scale. The internal organization of the site mimics, on a small scale, forms of interaction with the wider landscape that have been regionally observed, usually focusing on more conspicuous elements such as architecture.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
USING CIRCUIT THEORY TO MODEL CONNECTIVITY IN ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND CONSERVATION
McRae, B. H., Dickson, B. G., Keitt, T. H., & Shah, V. B. (2008) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/07-1861.1 · Cited by 2,215 · see citing works
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Rock Art
Duval, M., Gauchon, C., & Smith, B. W. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190607357.001.0001 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Assessing the level of visibility of cultural objects in past landscapes
Ogburn, D. E. (2006) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2005.08.005 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Howey, M. C. L. (2011) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.03.024 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Inka Pottery as Culinary Equipment: Food, Feasting, and Gender in Imperial State Design
Bray, T. L. (2003) · Latin American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/972233 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Rock Art and the Prehistory of Atlantic Europe: Signing the Land
Shee-Twohig, E. (1998) · European Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.1179/146195798799774188 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Llobera, M. (2012) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-012-9139-2 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The Archaeology of Wak'as: Explorations of the Sacred in the Pre-Columbian Andes
address, M., University Press of Colorado, Ste, M. S., PMB, Denver, -, C., & -, P. (2015) · University Press of Colorado eBooks · doi:10.5876/9781607323181 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Zigzagging: Theoretical insights on climbing strategies
Llobera, M., & Sluckin, T. J. (2007) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.07.020 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Drink, Power, and Society in the Andes
Jennings, J., & Bowser, B. J. (2009) · University Press of Florida eBooks · doi:10.5744/florida/9780813033068.001.0001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The Materiality of Inka Domination: Landscape, Spectacle, Memory, and Ancestors
Acuto, F. A. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48652-0_14 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
McLean, A., & Rubio-Campillo, X. (2022) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2021.105534 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dillehay, T. D. (2003) · Boletín de Arqueología PUCP · doi:10.18800/boletindearqueologiapucp.200301.015 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
British Neolithic Rock Art in its Landscape
Fairén-Jiménez, S. (2007) · Journal of Field Archaeology · doi:10.1179/009346907791071584 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Recognising strategies for conquered territories: a case study from the Inka North Calchaquí Valley
Acuto, F. A., Troncoso, A., & Ferrari, A. A. (2012) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00048304 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Design and Connectivity: The Case of Atlantic Rock Art
Valdez-Tullett, J. (2019) · University of Michigan Press eBooks · doi:10.30861/9781407316628 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rock Art and Memory in the Transmission of Cultural Knowledge
(2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96942-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dudognon, C., & R., M. A. S. (2017) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.009 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lynch, J., Giovannetti, M. A., & Páez, M. C. (2013) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2012.12.001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationPAISAJES INKA EN EL CENTRO-OESTE DE CATAMARCA (ARGENTINA)
Lynch, J., & Giovannetti, M. A. (2018) · Latin American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/laq.2018.50 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationr.survey: a tool for calculating visibility of variable-size objects based on orientation
Bornaetxea, T., & Marchesini, I. (2021) · International Journal of Geographical Information Systems · doi:10.1080/13658816.2021.1942476 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lenguajes Visuales de los Incas
Carvajal, P. G., & Bray, T. L. (2008) · University of Michigan Press eBooks · doi:10.30861/9781407303352 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Rock art and the prehistoric landscape of Galicia: the results of field survey 1992–1994
Bradley, R. A., Criado-Boado, F., & Valcarce, R. F. (1995) · Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society · doi:10.1017/s0079497x00003121 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lynch, J., & Parcero‐Oubiña, C. (2017) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.09.019 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationRock art, ontology and cosmopolitics in the Southern Andes
Troncoso, A. (2019) · Time and Mind · doi:10.1080/1751696x.2019.1645529 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
"La Alumbrera", Antofagasta de la Sierra
Raffino, R. A., & Cigliano, E. M. (1973) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Podestá, M. M., Rolandi, D., Santoni, M. E., Ré, A., Falchi, M. P., Torres, M. A., & Romero, G. (2013) · Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino · doi:10.4067/s0718-68942013000200006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Basile, M., & Ratto, N. R. (2011) · Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino · doi:10.4067/s0718-68942011000200006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lynch, J., Parcero‐Oubiña, C., & Fábrega‐Álvarez, P. (2020) · Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1016/j.daach.2020.e00145 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationTRAS LA PISTA DEL INCA EN PETROGLIFOS PARAVECINALES AL QHAPAQÑAN EN EL ALTO LOA, NORTE DE CHILE
José Berenguer, R., Baettig, G. C., & Artigas, D. (2007) · Chungara · doi:10.4067/s0717-73562007000100003 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Meléndez, A. S., Kulemeyer, J. J., Lupo, L. C., Quesada, M. N., & Korstanje, M. A. (2017) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.10.041 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Maquetas inkaicas en Chiu-Chiu:
Troncoso, A., Salazar, D., Parcero‐Oubiña, C., Hayashida, F., Fábrega‐Álvarez, P., & Larach, P. (2019) · Estudios Atacameños Arqueología y antropología surandinas · doi:10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2019-0019 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationEL QHAPAQ ÑAN COMO ESPACIO DE PODER DE LA POLÍTICA INCAICA
Moralejo, R. A., & Gobbo, D. (2015) · Estudios Atacameños Arqueología y antropología surandinas · doi:10.4067/s0718-10432015000100007 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Chapter 4 Copper Rich, Water Poor: Atacama during Inka Rule
Salazar, D., José Berenguer, R., Castro, V., Hayashida, F., Parcero‐Oubiña, C., & Troncoso, A. (2022) · University of Texas Press eBooks · doi:10.7560/323854-008 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationVirginia, L., & Lynch, J. (2018) · Lithic Technology · doi:10.1080/01977261.2018.1437978 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationMoralejo, R. A., Gobbo, D., & Couso, M. G. (2020) · Comechingonia Revista de Arqueología · doi:10.37603/2250.7728.v24.n3.31090 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Poder, reciprocidad y ordenamiento del cosmos en El Shincal de Quimivil (Catamarca, Argentina)
Giovannetti, M. A., & Páez, M. C. (2020) · Arqueología · doi:10.34096/arqueologia.t26.n1.5981 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
(2021) · University of Texas Press eBooks · doi:10.7560/323854 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Moyano, R., & Díaz, M. G. (2015) · Estudios Atacameños Arqueología y antropología surandinas · doi:10.4067/s0718-10432015000100008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Garrido, F., Ratto, N. R., Morales, C., Stéfano, J. D., Aranda, C., & Luna, L. (2022) · World Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00438243.2023.2179536 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Construcción y organización del espacio incaico al norte del Valle de Hualfín, Catamarca, Argentina
Lynch, J. (2013) · University of Michigan Press eBooks · doi:10.30861/9781407311241 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBarnett, T., Valdez-Tullett, J., & Bjerketvedt, L. M. (2022) · Archaeopress Publishing Ltd eBooks · doi:10.2307/jj.15135997.9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
GRAN GRUTA GRABADA DE CHIQUIMÍ: NOTICIA ACERCA DE SU HALLAZGO Y REDESCUBRIMIENTO CIEN AÑOS DESPUÉS
Larraín, A. Á., Cabrera, F., & Carbonelli, J. P. (2011) · Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino · doi:10.4067/s0718-68942011000100003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Palo Blanco: a village in Late and Inka landscapes in Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina)
Wynveldt, F., Flores, M. C., Iucci, M. E., & Lorenzo, G. S. (2016) · World Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00438243.2016.1188721 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fractal Worlds: An Archaeology of Nested Spatial Scales
Whitridge, P. (2017) · ARCTIC · doi:10.14430/arctic4659 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Geographies of the Invisible. Rock Art, Memory and Ancestral Topologies in Western Iberia
Alves, L. B. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96942-4_9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
José Luis Martínez, C. (2022) · University of Texas Press eBooks · doi:10.7560/323854-015 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rock Art and Memories in the Southern Andes: “This Was Left to Us by the Incas”
José Luis Martínez, C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96942-4_10 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 33
- McRae, 2016, Conserving Nature's Stage: Mapping Omnidirectional Connectivity for Resilient Terrestrial Landscapes in the Pacific Northwest
- Leibowicz, 2015, Petroglifos en el valle calchaquí norte (Salta, Argentina): Camélidos, montañas y apropiación inkaica del paisaje local [Rock art in the north Calchaquí valley (Salta, Argentina): camelids, mountains and Inka appropriation of the landscape], Chungara, 47, 575
- D'Altroy, 2015, The Incas
- Acuto, 2018, The Oxford Handbook of the Incas, 333
- Zárate Bernardi, 2020, Arte rupestre al sur del Tawantinsuyu: síntesis comparativa de las vertientes oriental y occidental de los Andes [Rock art in the southern Tawantinsuyu: a compared synthesis between the eastern and western Andes], Revista Cuadernos de Arte Prehistórico Número Especial, 1, 52
- Wheatley, 2014, Spatial Analysis and Social Spaces: Interdisciplinary approaches to the interpretation of prehistoric and historic built environments, 115
- Acuto, 1999, Sed Non Satiata: Teoría Social En La Arqueología Latinoamericana Contemporánea, 33
- Wynveldt, 2009, La Loma de Los Antiguos de Azampay. Un Sitio Defensivo Del Valle de Hualfín (Catamarca, Argentina)
- González, 1955, Contextos culturales y cronología relativa en el área central del N. O. Argentino. Nota preliminar [Cultural contexts and relative chronology in the central part of the Argentinian northwest. Preliminary notes], Anales de Arqueología y Etnología, 11, 7
- Hernández Llosas, 2006, Inkas y españoles a la conquista simbólica del territorio Humahuaca: sitios, motivos rupestres y apropiación cultural del paisaje [Inkas and Spaniards symbolically conquering the area of Humahuca: sites, rock art designs and cultural appropriation of the landscape], Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, 11, 9
- Lynch, 2015, Representaciones rupestres del sitio Villavil 2 (Valle de Hualfín, Catamarca, Argentina) [Rock Art of the Villavil 2 Site (Hualfín Valley, Catamarca, Argentina)], Revista Chilena de Antropología, 32, 57
- Acuto, 2012, Landscapes of inequality, spectacle and control: Inka social order in provincial contexts, Revista Chilena de Antropología, 25, 9
- Gallardo, 1999, Arte Rupestre En Los Andes de Capricornio, 57
- Páez, 2008, Intersecciones y Síntesis. Sincretismos en los Platos del Período Inkaico del Noroeste Argentino [Intersections and syntheses. Syncretism in the ceramic plates of the Inca period in NW Argentina], Revista Arqueología Suramericana, 4, 169
- Balesta, 2011, La configuración del paisaje Belén (valle de Hualfín, Catamarca) [The configuration of the Belen landscape (Hualfín valley, Argentina)], Revista Relaciones de la SAA, 36, 149
- Hyslop, 1991, Las ruinas incaicas de los Nevados del Aconquija (prov. de Tucumán, Argentina) [Inca ruins at the Nevados de Aconquija (province of Tucumán, Argentina)], Comechingonia Revista de Arqueología, 9, 15
- Kosiba, 2015, The Archaeology of Wak'as: Explorations of the sacred in the Pre-Columbian Andes, 167
- Sempé, 2005, Azampay Presente y Pasado de Un Pueblito Catamarqueño. Antología de Estudios Antropológicos
- Troncoso, 2018, The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Rock Art, 273
- Williams, 2000, El imperio inka en la provincia de Catamarca [The Inka empire in the province of Catamarca], Intersecciones en antropología, 1, 55
- Aschero, 2009, Crónicas Sobre La Piedra. Arte Rupestre de Las Américas, 257
- López Campeny, 2014, La vestimenta del poder. Comparando los registros textil y rupestre en el noroeste de Argentina (siglos XIII a XV) [Clothing of power: comparing textiles and rock art of northwestern Argentina (13th to 15th centuries)], Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología, 39, 21
- Raffino, 2012, Vialidad Incaica en la Provincia de Catamarca (Noroeste Argentino) [The Inca road system in San Juan Province (Argentina)], Inka Llaqta. Revista de investigaciones Arqueológicas y Etnohistóricas Inka, 3, 133
- Mark, 2021, Use of radiance scaling to enhance visibility of petroglyphs from 3D models, American Indian Rock Art, 47, 221
- Troncoso, 2004, El arte de la dominación: arte rupestre y paisaje durante el período incaico en la cuenca superior del río Aconcagüa. [The art of dominion: rock art and landscape during the Inca period in the upper Aconcagua river basin], Chungara, 36, 453
- Berenguer, 2017, Territorizalición del modelo minero inkcaico en el río Salado: una aglomerción productiva entre Lípez y San Pedro de Atacama [Territorialization of the Inca mining practices at the Salado river region: a productive compound between Lípez and San Pedro de Atacama], Boletín Del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, 22, 51
- Nielsen, 1999, Sed Non Satiata. Teoría Social En La Arqueología Latinoamericana Contemporánea, 153
- Troncoso, 2018, The Oxford Handbook of the Incas
- Martel, 2012, Arte rupestre y espacios de memoria: las representaciones del sitio Confluencia (Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca, Argentina) [Rock art and spaces of memory: the representations at the Confluencia site (Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca, Argentina)], Revista Chilena de Antropología, 25, 121
- Hernández Llosas, 2001, Tres momentos, tres contextos, un lugar: variaciones temporales y contextuales en el arte rupestre de la Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina [Three moments, three contexts, one place: temporal and contextual variations in the rock art at Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina], Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, 8, 59
- Sempé, 1999, Actas Del XII Congreso Nacional de Arqueología Argentina, Tomo II, 250
- Aschero, 2000, Arte En Las Rocas. Arte Rupestre, Menhires y Piedras de Colores En Argentina, 15
- Álvarez Larrain, 2012, El arte rupestre como geosigno del paisaje (valle de Yocavil, Catamarca, Argentina) [Rock art as a sign in the landscape (valley of Yocavil, Catamarca, Argentina)], Comechingonia, 16, 55
Cited by
Still being checked.
- Authors
- Parcero-Oubiña, C., Fábrega-Álvarez, P., & Lynch, J.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Venue
- Cambridge Archaeological Journal
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2023-06-23
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 231-251
- ISSN
- 0959-7743 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-0540
- OpenAlex
- W4381892747
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- dx.doi.org
- Locations
- Cambridge Archaeological Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and Rock Art Studies
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Historical and Architectural Studies
- Keywords
- rock art, Inca Empire, spatial configuration, landscape interaction, 3D modeling, GIS analysis, Catamarca
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review