Resilience: Determinants, Measurement, and Treatment Responsiveness
Abstract
In human terms, resilience is an ability to cope with stress and varies with context, time, age, gender, and cultural origin. Resilience shifts the focus of psychological investigation onto increasing the positive rather than reducing the negative. Inquiry into resilience has evolved from descriptions of resilient qualities, to discovery of the process to attain resilience, to uncovering the motivation to reintegrate in a resilient manner. Much of the research on resilience has focused on children in settings such as family violence, extreme poverty, war, and natural disasters. A coherent pattern of characteristics associated with successful adaptation has emerged. Salient characteristics include commitment, dynamism, humor in the face of adversity, patience, optimism, faith, and altruism. As such, resilience may represent an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. Resilience can be quantified, but available measures need to be validated transculturally. There exist many possible determinants of resilience, including neurobiologic, genetic, temperament, and environmental influences. Resilience is modifiable on individual and cultural levels. Posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of a serious disorder associated with impaired stress coping that can improve with treatment.
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- Authors
- Connor, K. M., & Zhang, W.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Wei
- ORCID
- Zhang, Wei
- Venue
- CNS Spectrums
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- S12
- Pages
- 5-12
- ISSN
- 1092-8529 (ISSN-L)
- 2165-6509
- OpenAlex
- W2187143925
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- CNS Spectrums (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- resilience, stress coping, resilience measurement, treatment response, children, domestic violence, extreme poverty, war, natural disasters, adaptation, optimism, altruism, humor, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, stress reactions, neurobiology of resilience, genetic factors, temperament, cultural influence, cross-cultural validation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Anxiety Disorders, Arousal, Behavior Therapy, Brain, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Motivation, Polymorphism, Genetic, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Temperament, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
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