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Cited by 96Food Security and Health in Diverse PopulationsFood Security and Socioeconomic DynamicsEmployment and Welfare Studies

When working is not enough: food insecurity in the Canadian labour force

Open access
McIntyre, Lynn, Bartoo, Aaron C, Emery, JC Herbert·2014·Public Health Nutrition
DOI 10.1017/s1368980012004053PMC PMC10282223
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Abstract

Objective: Food insecurity, lack of access to food due to financial constraints, is highly associated with poor health outcomes. Households dependent on social assistance are at increased risk of experiencing food insecurity, but food insecurity has also been reported in households reporting their main source of income from employment/wages (working households). The objective of the present study was to examine the correlates of food insecurity among households reliant on employment income. Design: Working households reporting food insecurity were studied through analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007–2008, employing descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module; all provinces participated. Setting: Canada. Subjects: Canadian households where main income was derived through labour force participation. Social assistance recipients were excluded. Results: For the period 2007–2008, 4 % of working households reported food insecurity. Canadian households reliant on primary earners with less education and lower incomes were significantly more likely to experience food insecurity; these differences were accentuated across some industry sectors. Residence in Quebec was protective. Working households experiencing food insecurity were more likely to include earners reporting multiples jobs and higher job stress. Visible minority workers with comparable education levels experienced higher rates of food insecurity than European-origin workers. Conclusions: Reliance on employment income does not eliminate food insecurity for a significant proportion of households, and disproportionately so for households with racialized minority workers. Increases in work stress may increase the susceptibility to poor health outcomes of workers residing in households reporting food insecurity.

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  • Food insecurity is most prevalent among households with inadequate and insecure incomes and few assets.

    “Food insecurity is most prevalent among households with inadequate and insecure incomes and few assets [2–6]”

    From Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity among post-secondary students and non-students of similar age in Canada (2023) · cites this paper as [6]

    The Sociodemographic characteristics section reports substantially lower incomes and lower home ownership among food-insecure Canadian working households. The Discussion suggests that volatile earnings could increase food-insecurity risk, but does not establish that income insecurity does so; the study also does not assess assets broadly or establish where food insecurity is most prevalent across all households. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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3 of the 45 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. [4]4. Tarasuk V (2008) Health implications of food insecurity. In Social Determinants of Health: Canadian Perspective, 2nd ed., pp. 205-220 [
  2. [16]16. McIntyre L & Rondeau K (2008) Food insecurity. In Social Determinants of Health: Canadian Perspectives, 2nd ed., pp. 188-204 [
  3. [22]22. McKee B, Foster, LT, Keller PC et al. (2009) Nutrition, food security, and alcohol consumption. In: The Geography of Wellness and Well-being across Canada, pp. 53-71.
  4. [27]27. Demers PA, Wong I & McLeod C (2010) The prevalence of shift work in Canada. Presented at Scientific Symposium on the Health Effects of Shift Work, Toronto, 12 April 2010; available at http://www.iwh.on.ca/shift-work-symposium/ demers
  5. [35]35. Currie J & Madrian BC (1999) Health, health insurance and the labour market. In Handbook of Labour Economics, vol. 3, pp. 3309-3415 [
  6. [49]49. MJ Schabracq, JAM Winnubst and CJ Cooper, editors]. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

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Authors
McIntyre, L., Bartoo, A. C., & Emery, J. H.
Affiliations
University of Calgary (CA)
Corresponding author
McIntyre, Lynn
ORCID
McIntyre, Lynn
Venue
Public Health Nutrition
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2012-09-10
Volume
17
Issue
1
Pages
49-57
ISSN
  • 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-2727
DOI
10.1017/s1368980012004053
PMC
PMC10282223
OpenAlex
W2120999831
Cited by
96
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3
FWCI
10.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Public Health Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (89731_1)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
Keywords
food insecurity, working families, employment income, labor force participation, household income, educational attainment, occupational stress, moonlighting, racialized workers, visible minorities, Quebec, Canadian Community Health Survey, Household Food Security Survey Module
MeSH terms
Adult, Employment, Family Characteristics, Female, Food Supply, Health Surveys, Humans, Income, Male, Poverty, Quebec, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models

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