Cited by 756Health disparities and outcomesRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchGender, Health, and Social Inequality

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RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH: How Much Does Stress Really Matter?

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Sternthal, Michelle J., Slopen, Natalie, Williams, David R.·2011·Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race

DOI 10.1017/s1742058x11000087PMC PMC5993442

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Abstract

Despite the widespread assumption that racial differences in stress exist and that stress is a key mediator linking racial status to poor health, relatively few studies have explicitly examined this premise. We examine the distribution of stress across racial groups and the role of stress vulnerability and exposure in explaining racial differences in health in a community sample of Black, Hispanic, and White adults, employing a modeling strategy that accounts for the correlation between types of stressors and the accumulation of stressors in the prediction of health outcomes. We find significant racial differences in overall and cumulative exposure to eight stress domains. Blacks exhibit a higher prevalence and greater clustering of high stress scores than Whites. American-born Hispanics show prevalence rates and patterns of accumulation of stressors comparable to Blacks, while foreign-born Hispanics have stress profiles similar to Whites. Multiple stressors correlate with poor physical and mental health, with financial and relationship stressors exhibiting the largest and most consistent effects. Though we find no support for the stress-vulnerability hypothesis, the stress-exposure hypothesis does account for some racial health disparities. We discuss implications for future research and policy.

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Ford, C. L. (2025) · American Public Health Association eBooks · doi:10.2105/sankofa.3582.015
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Self-citation

Authors: Sternthal, M. J., Slopen, N., & Williams, D. R.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Sternthal, Michelle J.
ORCID: Slopen, Natalie
Williams, David R.
Venue: Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2011
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 95-113
ISSN: 1742-058X (ISSN-L)
1742-0598
DOI: 10.1017/s1742058x11000087
PMC: PMC5993442
OpenAlex: W2024277158
Cited by: 755
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 22.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 104 d)
Locations: Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T32ES007069)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD050467, P50HD038986)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
Keywords: racial disparities in health, stress accumulation, cumulative stressors, financial stress, relationship stress, Black people, Hispanic adults, foreign-born Hispanics, physical health, mental health, community sample

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RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH: How Much Does Stress Really Matter?

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