Stress and Health: Major Findings and Policy Implications

Thoits, Peggy A.

doi:10.1177/0022146510383499

Cited by 1,967Health disparities and outcomesPublic Health and Social InequalitiesResilience and Mental Health

Stress and Health: Major Findings and Policy Implications

Thoits, Peggy A.·2010·Journal of Health and Social Behavior

DOI 10.1177/0022146510383499

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Abstract

Forty decades of sociological stress research offer five major findings. First, when stressors (negative events, chronic strains, and traumas) are measured comprehensively, their damaging impacts on physical and mental health are substantial. Second, differential exposure to stressful experiences is a primary way that gender, racial-ethnic, marital status, and social class inequalities in physical and mental health are produced. Third, minority group members are additionally harmed by discrimination stress. Fourth, stressors proliferate over the life course and across generations, widening health gaps between advantaged and disadvantaged group members. Fifth, the impacts of stressors on health and well-being are reduced when persons have high levels of mastery, self-esteem, and/or social support. With respect to policy, to help individuals cope with adversity, tried and true coping and support interventions should be more widely disseminated and employed. To address health inequalities, the structural conditions that put people at risk of stressors should be a focus of programs and policies at macro and meso levels of intervention. Programs and policies also should target children who are at lifetime risk of ill health and distress due to exposure to poverty and stressful family circumstances.

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Health disparities can be driven by certain groups' increased exposure to adverse life experiences.
“Evidence indicates that health disparities can be driven by certain groups’ increased exposure to ALEs [8,9,15].”
From Health care utilisation changes among Alaska Native adults after participation in an indigenous community programme to address adverse life experiences: a propensity score-matched analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
Adverse experiences in adulthood can negatively affect physical and mental health, and the effect of traumatic events throughout the lifetime can be cumulative and substantial.
“Adverse experiences in adulthood can also negatively affect physical and mental health, and the effect of traumatic events throughout the lifetime can be cumulative and substantial [7–9].”
From Health care utilisation changes among Alaska Native adults after participation in an indigenous community programme to address adverse life experiences: a propensity score-matched analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
Stress proliferates over the life course and across generations, widening health disparities between advantaged and disadvantaged groups.
“Stress proliferates over the life course and across generations, widening health disparities between advantaged and disadvantaged groups [242].”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [242]

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Using Multiple-hierarchy Stratification and Life Course Approaches to Understand Health Inequalities
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A Heavy Burden: The Cardiovascular Health Consequences of Having a Family Member Incarcerated
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The Impact of Racism on the Sexual and Reproductive Health of African American Women
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Influence of Regular Physical Activity and Fitness on Stress Reactivity as Measured with the Trier Social Stress Test Protocol: A Systematic Review
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Effects of education on adult mortality: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
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Associations of Chronic Stress Burden, Perceived Stress, and Traumatic Stress With Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence and Risk Factors in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study
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Sexual Orientation-Based Discrimination, Excessive Alcohol Use, and Substance Use Disorders Among Sexual Minority Adults
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Psychological outcomes in parents of critically ill hospitalized children.
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Racism, xenophobia, and discrimination: mapping pathways to health outcomes
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Gender discrimination in the United States: Experiences of women
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Population-Based Approaches to Mental Health: History, Strategies, and Evidence
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Prioritizing Possibilities for Child and Family Health: An Agenda to Address Adverse Childhood Experiences and Foster the Social and Emotional Roots of Well-being in Pediatrics
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Race disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors within socioeconomic status strata
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Addressing health inequalities in diverse, rural communities: An unmet need
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A Longitudinal Study of Social Status, Perceived Discrimination, and Physical and Emotional Health Among Older Adults
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Systemic Inflammation in Midlife: Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Perceived Discrimination
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Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression of survivors 12 months after the outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome in South Korea
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Psychosocial Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease and Death in a Population-Based Cohort From 21 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries
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Stress and Mental Health Among Midlife and Older Gay-Identified Men
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Stress regulates endocannabinoid-CB1 receptor signaling
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Well-Being in a Low-income, Urban Cohort
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Attell, B. K., Brown, K. K., & Treiber, L. A. (2017) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.02.001 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Community gardening: Stress, well-being, and resilience potentials
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Authors: Thoits, P. A.
Affiliations: Indiana University Bloomington (US)
Corresponding author: Thoits, Peggy A.
ORCID: Thoits, Peggy A.
Venue: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2010-03
Volume: 51
Issue: 1_suppl
Pages: S41-S53
ISSN: 0022-1465 (ISSN-L)
2150-6000
DOI: 10.1177/0022146510383499
OpenAlex: W2097223937
Cited by: 1,967
References: 108
Citations by year: 2026: 81 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 163 · 2022: 153 · 2021: 183 · 2020: 169 · 2019: 169 · 2018: 120 · 2017: 149 · 2016: 117 · 2015: 106 · 2014: 116 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 70
FWCI: 10.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Health and Social Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Keywords: stress, health disparities, discrimination stress, chronic stress, trauma, mastery, self-esteem, social support, coping interventions, structural conditions, health policy, minority health, poverty, family stress, child health
MeSH terms: Health Policy, Humans, Life Change Events, Prejudice, Self Concept, Social Adjustment, Social Class, Social Support, Sociology, Medical, Stress, Psychological, Racial Groups, Health Status Disparities, Healthcare Disparities

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Stress and Health: Major Findings and Policy Implications

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