The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 10 of the 74 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The Structure of Intersectionality: A Comparative Politics of Gender
Abstract
A comparative analysis of gender relations incorporates and goes beyond a “women and politics” approach by focusing on the organization of political life, illuminating the systematic way that social norms, laws, practices, and institutions advantage certain groups and forms of life and disadvantage others. In order to illuminate the various ways that women and men are advantaged and disadvantaged as women and men, gender analysis must incorporate analysis of race, class, sexuality, and other axes of disadvantage, and explore interactions among them. These axes are defined differently in different national contexts, and so examining variation across national borders illuminates the variety of social arrangements that are consistent with human biology: This type of analysis thereby denaturalizes and politicizes gender, racial/ethnic, and class relations (among others). The wide variety of modes and degrees of resistance to these forms of social organization, and success in challenging them, illuminate and inspire new strategies of resistance for people in other countries.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Weldon argues that a comparative politics of gender should treat gender as a social structure and analyze how it interacts with race, class, and other axes of inequality. She proposes an “intersectionality-plus” model that permits autonomous, multiplicative, and intersectional effects, rather than assuming all effects are intersectional only.
Key findings
- A women-and-politics approach recovers women’s experiences, but a politics of gender must examine how gender structures advantage and disadvantage groups and how gender norms shape men and women across race and class.
- Weldon contends that intersectionality is often read as denying any independent effects of gender, race, or class; she argues this “intersectionality-only” reading is too restrictive and is not required by the concept itself.
- She distinguishes additive, multiplicative, and intersectional effects, using regression-style equations and a transparency/quilt metaphor; intersectional effects are qualitatively distinct and cannot be derived from the separate axes.
- The “intersectionality-plus” model is better suited to comparative research because the salience and interaction of social structures can vary across countries and over time.
Methods
- Theoretical/conceptual essay with no original empirical data or sample; it engages feminist theory, intersectionality scholarship, and comparative politics.
- Main analysis is conceptual: it defines gender as structure, reviews critiques of gender as a category, and formalizes possible relationships among axes of inequality.
- It uses illustrative examples—such as light passing through colored transparencies and regression equations—to distinguish models of structural interaction.
Limitations
- Stated: the concept of intersectionality is indeterminate about how social structures relate; further theoretical and empirical specification is needed in particular contexts.
- Stated: the argument does not reject intersectionality but calls for more theorization of the structure of intersectionality.
- Evident: the essay is programmatic and does not test the proposed models empirically; the equations and metaphors are heuristic, and no data are analyzed.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
81 Own interpretation · 41 No basis given · 25 Sources not found · 9 Own result · 7 Supported so far · 5 Not checked yet · 3 Partly supported · 3 No full text of the sources · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, the critique of gender analysis advanced by many women of color focuses on differences in structural position, not just differences in identity or agency (Collins 1990;Crenshaw 1991;Hurtado 1989).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender Structure and Structural Inequalities among Women
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 source
The Introduction (p. 2) critiques feminist discourse for overlooking how racism and sexism intersect in women of color’s lives. The Structural Intersectionality section (pp. 2–3) locates differences in poverty, employment, housing, and other obstacles, rather than treating them solely as matters of identity or individual psychology. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hurtado 1989 source
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In the paper
“Moreover, these group-specific experiences reveal aspects of gender structure that are important for understanding the overall social context (Collins 1990(Collins , 1998;;Crenshaw 1991;Harris 1990;Hooks 1981Hooks , 2000;;Hurtado 1989).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 source
In the Introduction (pp. 1–2), Crenshaw argues that overlooking differences within groups obscures how race and class shape women’s experiences. In Structural Intersectionality (p. 3), she uses the experiences of women of color to show how gender, race, and class structures intersect. This supports the citing sentence’s broader paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris 1990 source
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In the paper
“But these marks of the female condition are nevertheless race or class specific-they are not shared by all women, and may not even be visible unless we focus on specific race-class-gender groups.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 source
The Introduction (pp. 1–2) says that ignoring differences within the category of women obscures experiences shaped by race and class, and that the experiences of women of color are often unrepresented in feminist and antiracist discourse. Structural Intersectionality (pp. 2–3) further describes how race, gender, and class jointly shape experiences that approaches based on other women's circumstances overlook. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris 1990 source
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In the paper
“Feminist scholars of color have argued convincingly that an account that focuses only on gender will not be able to provide a full reckoning of the ways that women are disadvantaged:”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 source
In the introduction (pp. 1–2), Crenshaw argues that violence against women is shaped by race and class as well as gender, and that treating women as a single undifferentiated group overlooks those differences. She also says that Black women's experiences cannot be captured wholly by examining race or gender separately. This supports the citing sentence's paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris 1990 source
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In the paper
“Specifically, they claim that certain aspects of social inequality, certain social problems and injustices, will not be visible as long as we focus on gender, race and class separately (Collins 1990;Crenshaw 1991;Harris 1990;Hurtado 1989;Roth 2004).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 source
The Introduction (p. 2) says that some experiences of Black women cannot be captured by examining race and gender separately. The Structural Intersectionality discussion (pp. 2–3) adds that class is not independent of race and gender, supporting the claim that a separate focus can obscure certain injustices. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris 1990 source
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In the paper
“Equally, as Joyce Gelb's (2003) comparison between the United States and Japan demonstrates, and the chapters in the book by Lee Ann Banaszak, Karen Beckwith, and Dieter Rucht (2003) on women's movements in Western Europe and North America show, feminist actors working outside of institutions have, under certain conditions, also enjoyed a degree of agency, enabling them to unsettle expectations”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Dynamism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gelb 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Banaszak, Beckwith, and Rucht 2003
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In the paper
“Comparative institutional research across three Westminsterstyle bureaucracies-in Australia, Canada, and the UK-bears out this assumption.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Norms
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In the paper
“For example, studies of the United Nations demonstrate that despite a commitment to the principle of gender equality, most UN bodies, including human rights treaty bodies, have failed to make gender a policy priority (see Freeman 1999;Gallagher 1997).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Dynamism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Freeman 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Gallagher 1997
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In the paper
“One-quarter of the papers winning awards in the Women and Politics Research Section have comparative themes.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
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In the paper
“One of the major constraints keeping scholars-especially women but increasingly also men-from doing more comparative work is the difficulty of carrying out fieldwork if one has children.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
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In the paper
“Domestic responsibilities and considerations still, unfortunately, affect women's careers to a greater extent than those of men.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although rarely if ever mentioned in studies of democratization in Africa, women's movements actively sought to participate in the political reform movements of the 1990s.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
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In the paper
“The publishers printing the most gender-related comparative politics books in 2004 included Routledge (11), Rowman & Littlefield (7), and Palgrave (5).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“half of all dissertation prizes awarded by the APSA Women and Politics Research Section were given to comparativists (6 of 12).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“After the late 1990s, women were central to the constitution-making process in Kenya.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the American Political Science Association, almost none of the book or paper awards outside of the Women and Politics Reserach Section have gone to people working on women in comparative politics.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“one-fifth (5 out of the 25) of the books winning the APSA Victoria Schuck Award for the Best Book on Women and Politics have gone to comparativists”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
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In the paper
“There are still too few comparative political dissertations concerning women and gender (see Table 1).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
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In the paper
“Mary Ann Mason and Marc Goulden at the University of California-Berkeley found that women who had children in the five years after receiving their doctorates were 30% less likely to obtain tenure than women who did not have children.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mary Ann Mason and Marc Goulden
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“More importantly, comparative politics and gender scholars are publishing books.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
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In the paper
“The first 20 international relations, American politics, and political theory syllabi each had three references to gender/women in a similar Google search.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Teaching Gender
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In the paper
“Ronald Inglehart and Pippa Norris's pathbreaking 2003 study, Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World, is missing 110 cases, all of which are developing countries.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Inglehart and Norris 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“however, only certain types of comparative research have been published there.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
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In the paper
“Comparativists are publishing in the APSR in proportion to their presence in the field (22%);”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
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In the paper
“| Comparative politics | 148 |”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion
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In the paper
“Although there is important cross-national work being done in politics and gender, much of it is focused on those parts of the world where the data is the strongest (e.g., Europe and North America).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
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In the paper
“It has only been very recently that electoral quotas for women have begun to attract attention, especially for those studying Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East and, historically, the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
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In the paper
“| 2000-2004 | 252 | 73 |”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“| 1970-79 | 17 | 5 |”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion
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- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
In the paper
“Other norms within Westminster-style bureaucracies, such as merit and career service, also operate along masculinist lines.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Norms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Burton 1991
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In the paper
“When combined, these analyses show that gender norms are an important variable to consider when analyzing the political opportunity structures facing social actors.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Norms
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In the paper
“These studies of insider and outsider activism demonstrate that the interaction between activists and institutions not only operates in a topdown direction (although this can occur) but also as a two-way street: that the relationship can be constitutive.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Dynamism
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In the paper
“Though largely unrecognized by nonfeminist scholars, the norm of neutrality is profoundly gendered.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Norms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stivers 1993
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In the paper
“International institutions also have their own logic of appropriateness that is shaped by and shapes gender norms.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Dynamism
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In the paper
“This does not contradict the argument made above about the existence of a logic of appropriateness within political institutions, but qualifies it to suggest that what is considered appropriate can alter over time (Katzenstein 1998, 35).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Dynamism
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Katzenstein 1998 source
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In the paper
“In many Western liberal states, but especially those with Westminster parliamentary systems such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, the bureaucracy has developed, over time, a strong underlying commitment to the norm of bureaucratic neutrality.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Norms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kernaghan 1985
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These differences are important for shaping political opportunities and, as a consequence, the strategic choices of feminists in each country.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Norms
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The focus on agency does not solve the fundamental conceptual problem of whether women or subgroups of women can be compared across national boundaries, or what we might expect to gain from such a comparison.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender Structure and Structural Inequalities among Women
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“While attributing a shared gender identity to women is problematic, seeing “women” as sharing a structurally defined social position is not:”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Young 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“But arguing that we need to retain gender as a structure suggests nothing about the specific effects of that structure on particular groups of women (Young 2005; see also Young 1994).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender Structure and Structural Inequalities among Women
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Young 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Young 1994 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Young (2005) is right to point out that social structures are more than identities, and that gender organizes society systematically to disadvantage women.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Young 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Young (2005) is right to point out that social structures are more than identities, and that gender organizes society systematically to disadvantage women.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Young 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Focusing only on mobilization by specific race-class-gender groups of women does not help us understand how these groups of women are positioned vis-à-vis other groups of women and men by social norms, practices, and institutions around which they may or may not be mobilized (Hurtado 1989).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender Structure and Structural Inequalities among Women
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hurtado 1989 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Note that modeling multiplicative effects does not rule out additive effects: It is possible for social phenomena to have both sorts of effects (Wright 1997).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wright 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Note that modeling multiplicative effects does not rule out additive effects: It is possible for social phenomena to have both sorts of effects (Wright 1997).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wright 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, each social structure could have both autonomous and combined effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finding intersectionality in some effects does not necessarily imply intersectionality in all effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“But this observation does not obviate thinking about how to theorize the interaction of different axes of structural inequality (Wright 1997).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wright 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So finding that gender, race, and class sometimes combine to create effects that are unique to specific gender-race-class groups does not mean that every effect of social structures is unique to such groups.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finding that some combined effects (areas patterned brown) cannot be described solely by looking at one element of its composition (say, red) does not preclude the possibility that other areas are just red or green or purple.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“While attributing a shared gender identity to women is problematic, seeing “women” as sharing a structurally defined social position is not:”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Young 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“But the leverage gained from considering gender as a category of analysis stems from the importance of gender in everyday life-the importance of gender structures, symbols, and identities (Hawkesworth 2005).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hawkesworth 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No mathematical manipulation of the effects of gender and race will completely capture the way they combine: Intersectional effects are qualitatively different from independent or additive effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Observing such variation helps us to identify the distinctive features (and perhaps the causes) of particular national constellations of social structure, perhaps linking such structures to particular historic trajectories.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This makes the intersectionality-plus approach particularly useful for comparative political analysis, and it makes comparative political analysis critical for understanding gender (and race, and class) politics.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, even if individuals cannot themselves tease apart the aspects of their experiences that are a product of their gender, race, or class, that are based on reflecting on their own lives, it does not follow that these aspects of social organization cannot be separated by analysis at a macrosocietal level.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Some Final Objections
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But saying that each person's life is marked by gender, race, and class does not imply that each and every condition he and she experiences is equally a product of gender, race, or class.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Some Final Objections
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The intersectionality-plus account of the interaction of social structures has a major advantage over the intersectionality-only version when it comes to comparative analysis: It admits the possibility that the ways that social structures affect one another vary over space and time.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Insisting that the only version of gender, race, and class is one that sees all effects of social structures as intersectional under all circumstances, it seems to me, wrongly limits the possible configurations of social structures consistent with the observation of some intersectional effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This makes the intersectionality-plus approach particularly useful for comparative political analysis, and it makes comparative political analysis critical for understanding gender (and race, and class) politics.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But we will still be able to derive the combined effects from analyzing the original factors, variables, or structures that combine.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some axes might be more salient or politicized in some contexts than in others.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The intersectionalityplus model of social structural interaction is consistent with the idea that different social structures might have different types of effects in different contexts.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No mathematical manipulation of the effects of gender and race will completely capture the way they combine: Intersectional effects are qualitatively different from independent or additive effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In no way are women's private arrangements for doing international research trivial: They affect the content, subject, scope, and quality of their research.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So these effects are, in principle, derivable from the independent analysis of each factor or structure (say, class, gender, or race).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is not a question that can be answered by asking people to parse out parts of their personal experiences: It requires macrolevel social research.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Some Final Objections
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In part, we are not submitting enough to these journals.Lee Sigelman, editor of American Political Science Review (APSR), told me that he simply did not have submissions in this area.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Publishing in top political science journals is necessary for comparative gender scholarship to achieve the impact and credibility the field desires.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is possible, though, that gender, race, and class interact in such a way that there are all three types of effects: additive, multiplicative, and intersectional.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“Even when left-wing parties were not in power, if feminists within the state agencies intervened, they could also be responsive to women's movements by bringing about substantive policy changes (Stetson 2001).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stetson 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“He found one reference to three articles and one book in an analysis of 183 comparative politics syllabi.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Teaching Gender
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fagan 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“between 1985 and 2001, approximately 90% of all the articles published in the American Journal of Political Science involved statistical analysis and mathematical modeling (Kasza 2005, 421).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kasza 2005, 421
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The weakness of truly global research collaborations makes it difficult to obtain different perspectives and to learn from alternative analyses, share literature, collect data, and collaborate in research.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Cross-national studies and a few regional studies have begun to refine our understanding of what factors hinder and facilitate a greater presence of women in legislatures globally (Htun and Jones 1996;Inglehart and Norris 2003;Jones 1998;Ken-worthy andMalami 1999, Paxton 1997;Reynolds 1999).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Htun and Jones 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Inglehart and Norris 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Jones 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The paucity of alternative global perspectives confines the scope of our understanding of analytical concepts to the North American and European context.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The European and North American focus of existing comparative work also poses other limitations that are more conceptual.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even those doing statistical cross-national studies run into difficulties when they move outside of the advanced industrialized countries, because the data just are not there.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirectn = 110- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When quotas are incorporated in cross-national studies, they fundamentally change the explanations that account for female legislative representation today.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“Moreover, regional differences become more important in the way we think about representation (Tripp and Kang 2006).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tripp and Kang 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“means that they are at a disadvantage in terms of the range of journals in which they can publish.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This situation also creates disincentives in the field for those who do the painstaking and challenging field research that requires historical knowledge, command of languages, and more contextual understanding of the politics of particular countries.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This creates a built-in bias in major journals toward cross-national studies in comparative politics.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 77
- It may state two separate claims as one. 35
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“In some ways, women of color are disadvantaged as women of color; poor women are disadvantaged as poor women.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 source
In the introduction (pp. 1–2), Crenshaw says that women of color’s experiences are shaped by intersecting racism and sexism and are frequently marginalized by approaches that address only one or the other. This supports the attributed claim that women of color can be disadvantaged specifically as women of color. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris 1990 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In some ways, women of color are disadvantaged as women of color; poor women are disadvantaged as poor women.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Structural Intersectionality and Battering” (pp. 2–3 of our copy), Crenshaw describes poverty-related burdens arising from gender and class oppression and explains that class shapes women of color’s experiences. The passage focuses on women of color facing battering, however; it does not make the same general claim about poor women as a group. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris 1990 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“But these marks of the female condition are nevertheless race or class specific-they are not shared by all women, and may not even be visible unless we focus on specific race-class-gender groups.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 source
The Introduction (pp. 1–2) says that treating women as a single group ignores differences shaped by race and class, and that women of color’s experiences are often unrepresented in feminist discourse. The Structural Intersectionality section (pp. 2–3) describes experiences that differ from those of white women, supporting the need to focus on specific groups to see them. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris 1990 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Indeed, theorists of intersectionality insist that we cannot understand the ways that women are disadvantaged as women nor the ways that people of color are oppressed unless we examine the ways these structures interact.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (pp. 1–2) says that treating “woman” and “person of color” as separate categories obscures the experiences of women of color. It supports examining how racism and sexism interact, but the claim extends that point to understanding the disadvantage of women and the oppression of people of color generally, beyond the paper’s stated focus. (LLM, conf=0.79)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris 1990 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“But it is important to note that intersectional effects are by definition effects that cannot be derived as any function of gender, race, and class considered independently (Crenshaw 1991;Harris 1990).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Crenshaw 1991 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the Introduction (p. 2), Crenshaw says many Black women’s experiences cannot be captured wholly by examining race or gender separately. In Structural Intersectionality (pp. 2–3), she also says the class dimension is not independent of race and gender. These passages support the core point, but do not define intersectional effects as categorically impossible to derive from any function of the three factors considered independently. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris 1990 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Partly supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Historically, the norm of neutrality has always been in operation within the Australian public sector, but it has been weakened by a tolerance for advocates of sectional interests to work within the bureaucracy to advance their aims.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Norms
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“By contrast, in both Canada and the United Kingdom, feminists wanting to engage with the civil service have been confronted with the operation of stronger neutrality norms.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Norms
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In some cases, extant research shows, women acting as women dominate or exclude other women; women have conflicting interests as women; women do not mutually identify as women.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender Structure and Structural Inequalities among Women
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hurtado 1989 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Indeed, much comparative analysis of gender delineates the ways that gender norms and practices vary across groups of women and men as well as across nations, regions, generations, and cultural groups (Duncan 1995(Duncan , 1996;;Inglehart and Norris 2003;Lewis 1993).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender Structure and Structural Inequalities among Women
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Duncan 1995 source
- Not matchedcites Inglehart and Norris 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Lewis 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The supports within departments and academic institutions for parents in the field are virtually nonexistent.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But even given the newness of the field, comparative politics has changed very little with respect to gender perspectives.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Female peace activists were central to Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf's successful 2005 bid for the presidency in Liberia, ushering in the first hope the country has had in decades for stability and democratization.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“my research found that comparative political scientists working on gender are publishing in women's studies journals, such as International Feminist Journal of Politics, Differences, Gender and Development, Feminist Economics, Feminist Review, Signs, and Women's Studies International Forum.They are publishing in area studies journals and in single-issue”
- Also stated in: § Too Few for Impact · plain
“They are also publishing in second-tier political science journals, in journals of other disciplines (e.g., Gender and Society, Social Politics, Contemporary Sociology, Politics and Society), and in political science journals abroad.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Too Few for Impact · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even cross-national studies suffer from a lack of data from major swaths of the world, making these studies incomplete and unrepresentative of global trends and regional differences.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The new methodologically driven trends in political science have lessened the interest in country-based fieldwork that would produce the kind of research that would elicit more in-depth understanding of gender processes.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Sierra Leone, women were the only group that openly defied soldiers as they demonstrated to demand that free elections be held when rumors began to circulate that the military might postpone the February 1996 elections.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Mali, thousands of demonstrating women and children were shot at by forces of President Moussa Traoré in a series of events that led to his downfall.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Of men who became fathers in this same time period, 77% earned tenure, while of the men who never had babies, “only” 71% got tenure.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mary Ann Mason and Marc Goulden
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Uganda, women's groups sent in more memoranda to the Constitutional Commission than any other sector of civil society.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To return to my example, I am still stunned by the fact that most scholars of democratization, and those working on Africa, in particular, have gone out of their way to ignore the role of women in African democratization efforts to the detriment of their own studies.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 2004, of all books on women and politics reviewed in Women's Review of Books, half (35 out of 66) were comparative, although not all were by political scientists.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Kenya in the early 1990s, women were at the forefront of protests defending imprisoned human rights activists and found themselves in violent clashes with police.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the university presses-Johns Hopkins, Rutgers, Duke, and Cambridge-all published three books each in this area in 2004, while Indiana, Michigan, Pittsburgh, and Oxford each published only one.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Academic expectations and norms were not established with academic mothers in mind, nor have they been sufficiently modified as more women have entered academia.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is too little scholarship focusing on gender and on women from a comparative perspective for us to have a significant impact in our field.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Most comparativists in the United States have written about these processes of democratization in Africa as if women were of no consequence, and they have done so to the detriment of their scholarship (e.g., Bratton and van de Walle 1997;Clark and Gardinier 1997;Joseph 1999;Ottaway 1997, just to cite a few of the widely read books and edited collections on democratization in Africa).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bratton and van de Walle 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Clark and Gardinier 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Joseph 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The focus of comparative politics gender research is still too focused on Europe and North America, and therefore by definition incomplete.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Why So Slow? The Challenges of Gendering Comparative Politics Aili Mari Tripp, University of Wisconsin at Madison
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Academic norms and expectations, especially for graduate students and junior faculty, are not compatible with active parenting, let alone doing international research at the same time.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“between 1991 and 2000, the American Political Science Review published 225 articles using statistical methods and 88 articles employing mathematical modeling, while only five articles in this same period used empirical qualitative methods.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Take, for example, the literature on state feminism, which has evolved primarily in the context of North American and European democracies.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, it is no surprise that the majority of studies explaining women's legislative representation have concentrated on Western Europe and North America, where explanations focusing on electoral systems, district and party magnitude, and the ideological orientation of political parties have been well established.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that many comparativist gender and politics scholars often use ethnographic methodologies, in-depth interviews, snowball surveys, and/or focus groups, and focus on individual countries”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Databases are incomplete at best and, for many categories, the data simply do not exist.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plainn = 110- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They often adopt interdisciplinary approaches, which take a lot of time to develop and involve a lot of self-training.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, despite today's easy Internet access and e-mail communication, the links between scholars in the global North and South seem to be fairly weak.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research networks and linkages around gender issues are stronger across the Atlantic and within Europe, but much weaker across other continents.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within the Latin American context, the debates were different but the framework remained a democratic one.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“What we know already is that the process of gender is complex, playing out differently in similar institutions in different polities and different institutions within the same polity.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Dynamism
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Any complete analysis of gender relations, then, must consider the many different ways that gender norms and practices shape and are shaped by the actions of all people, including women and men of all races and classes.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender Structures and Women and Politics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, political institutions also produce outcomes-polices, legislation, rulings-that are shaped by gender norms: outcomes which, in turn, help to re/produce broader social and political gender expectations.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Norms
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to illuminate the various ways that women and men are advantaged and disadvantaged as women and men, gender analysis must incorporate analysis of race, class, sexuality, and other axes of disadvantage, and explore interactions among them.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > -Catharine MacKinnon (1982)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, a note of caution should be sounded here as there is no guarantee that shifts within institutions are ever permanent.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender and Institutional Dynamism
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These axes are defined differently in different national contexts, and so examining variation across national borders illuminates the variety of social arrangements that are consistent with human biology: This type of analysis thereby denaturalizes and politicizes gender, racial/ethnic, and class relations (among others).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > -Catharine MacKinnon (1982)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pervasive character of gender norms and roles is what makes gender such a valuable category of political analysis.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender Structures and Women and Politics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are other ways of thinking about how systems of gender, race, and class interact that are consistent with the core of the concept of intersectionality.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is not often recognized that structural analysis is required by the idea of intersectionality: It is the intersection of social structures, not identities, to which the concept refers.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If gender as a social structure has no independent effects, then it is hard to see what justifies an analytic focus on gender as a category, as opposed to, say, gender-race, or gender-race-class.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, we could theoretically specify intersectional relationships among gender, race, and class structures in a number of different ways.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We cannot conceptualize “interstices” unless we have a concept of the structures that intersect to create these points of interaction.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If gender as a principle of social organization cannot be fully understood without an examination of the interaction between social structures, and if women are structurally disadvantaged as women in classand race-specific ways, then a structural approach to gender analysis requires some account of this structural interaction.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But a variety of possible relations between axes of domination are consistent with these ideas.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Precluding the possibility of autonomous effects assumes that systems of race, class, and gender always work together seamlessly as a single system, and never have any significant independent effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is not often recognized that structural analysis is required by the idea of intersectionality: It is the intersection of social structures, not identities, to which the concept refers.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, I agree that such macrolevel analysis need not imply shared identities across gender, race, or class groups.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Gender as a Category of Analysis: The Analysis of Gender Structures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Making such claims requires the existence of identifiably separate dynamics for each of these axes.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, one would not expect every aspect of a single social structure, much less the complex interactions among social structures, to be fully visible in any individual's experience.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Some Final Objections
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sometimes quantitative researchers seem to assume that intersectional effects are the same as multiplicative effects (the convention of calling such effects interaction effects probably contributes to this confusion).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, a combination of analytic strategies will be required in order to paint a full picture of the politics of gender.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indeterminacy points to the need for further theorization and specification of these relationships in reference to particular contexts and questions, not the rejection of work on intersectionality or on the interrelationship of gender, race, and class.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Some Final Objections
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, affirming the importance of intersectional dimensions of gender, race, and class need not imply that these axes of inequality have no independent effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather, I am trying to point out that as it is currently conceptualized, the concept of intersectionality is indeterminate as to the interrelationship of social structures.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Some Final Objections
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So the idea of intersectionality suggests that there is a third type of effect, one that is not a function of x 1 and x 2 , say, x 3 .”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The investigation of the interaction of gender, race, and class could include additive, multiplicative, and intersectional effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this essay, I have argued that far from precluding attention to difference, an intersectional approach requires a structural approach to gender analysis.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, most of the writing about intersectionality derives from the work of women of color in the United States.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We can best explore multiplicative effects by examining how the independent effects revealed in an autonomous analysis of each structure combine to mitigate or exacerbate one another's effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The probable variation in the ways that gender, race, and class are defined and the way they interact makes comparative analysis especially valuable for understanding gender politics.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Peregrine Schwartz-Shea (2005) found that in the top 57 doctoral programs, 66% had quantitative methods requirements, while only 16% had foreign language requirements.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Schwartz-Shea (2005)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is also possible that the relationship among these different structures varies over space and time.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, the interaction of these different structures likely varies across groups and nations and over time.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, women did worse while men did better having children in the years after receiving their Ph.D.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Too Few for Impact
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We can best explore additive effects by examining each axis of inequality (gender, race, class, sexuality, etc.) separately.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Methodological trends in research may also be serving to stifle research in this area, even as the needs remain great for more quantitative studies related to gender.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Greater methodological pluralism in political science is desirable.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We can best detect intersectional effects by comparing how social structures interact to create particular injustices and problems for particular intersectionally disadvantaged or privileged groups of women, for example, immigrant or refugee women, women working in sweatshops, or female celebrities.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I want to emphasize that although some theorists do recommend an intersectionality-only approach, my argument is not that such an approach is required or follows from the concept of intersectionality itself.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Some Final Objections
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It points to the need for further theoretical and empirical investigation of the structure of intersectionality, of the interaction of structures of gender, race, class, and other axes of inequality.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Some Final Objections
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But comparative analysis is key to illuminating the range of variation in structures of gender, race, class, and other axes of domination, the ways in which these structures interact, and the wide array of strategies for resistance and reform.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Conclusion: A Comparative Politics of Gender
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In some times or places, systems of race and class may undermine each other, while in other places they reinforce each other.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The existence of new and older diasporas in the United States facilitates some of these linkages”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Stetson found in comparative studies of abortion policy in Europe and North America that women's movements had the most policy impact when left-wing parties were in power and when the movements were closely aligned to the leftist parties.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stetson 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It may be easier for those with joint appointments to adopt a broader range of methods, but not so easy for those working on gender and politics solely within their departments.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without that work on the ground, the cross-national comparative theories can potentially remain stale, uninformed, and thin.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other cases, the policies have been used to obtain women's votes, to create new patronage networks, or to curry support on a world stage.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, our work and that of our colleagues abroad, both empirically and theoretically, is incomplete and much thinner than it need be.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The lack of connectedness and mutual exchange impedes comparative analysis above all.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“It was also necessary that women's movements were unified around their demands and placed those demands high on their agenda.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stetson 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Concepts that have evolved in one context do not always travel well or would need their meanings expanded to be of comparative use.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sometimes these policies have served symbolic purposes to signal the political sympathies of the establishment or ruling party in the context of an Islamicist challenge.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Much of the debate dealt with the role of state feminism and femocrats, a debate that ironically was a product of some of the successes of the women's movement in institutionalizing their objectives (Baldez 2002, Rios Tobar 2003, Waylen 1996).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They have also served the purposes of state legitimation.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The in-depth case studies explain the mechanisms of processes uncovered in cross-national studies; they can help develop theories that can be tested more generally and assist in making sense of quantitative findings.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies of state feminism within democracies have assumed that society was interested in engaging the state because the state had the will and the capacity to respond to societal pressures.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Dorothy McBride Stetson and Amy Mazur (1995) found in their comparative study of North America, Europe, and Australia that women's policy machineries had considerable impact when the state was defined as a site of social justice and had the institutional capacity to respond to new demands for equality.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Challenges Posed by Methodologically Driven Research Trends
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stetson and Mazur 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Social structures of gender, race, and class exist and have effects that can be analyzed separately.
“Analyzing gender relations, or social structures more generally, means focusing on social relations between and among groups of women and groups of men, and on the way the broader social context constrains and enables individual agents (Htun 2005;Hurtado 1989;Young 2005Young , 2000)).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Comparative analysis across national contexts is possible and valuable for understanding gender politics.
“This makes the intersectionality-plus approach particularly useful for comparative political analysis, and it makes comparative political analysis critical for understanding gender (and race, and class) politics.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Publishing in top political science journals is necessary for comparative gender scholarship to achieve the impact and credibility the field desires.
“it is also true that we will not have the impact we desire until we tackle some of these key journals.”
“But there are many challenges in bringing greater credibility to the subfield.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Gender is central to understanding core political science topics such as social movements, civil society, democratization, and ethnic identity.
“why good comparativists need to understand women's movements to understand social movements; why they need to understand women's mobilization to understand civil society; why women's rights are human rights; why one cannot understand democratization without understanding gender exclusions; and how gender is central to the construction of ethnic identity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Greater methodological pluralism in political science is desirable.
“We need to encourage the new trends toward greater methodological pluralism within the discipline.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Of the 3,510 articles listed in JSTOR, the Scholarly Journal Archive, for these same top political science journals over the past decade, 2.5% (90) had "gender" or "women" in the title, while 21 articles were gender related with a comparative focus (0.5%).”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Additional information
Reported 0.5 · recomputed 0.598291
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
“leaving only the intersectional effects (x 4 ): The only effects are intersectional effects.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > The Structure of Intersectionality: Two Approaches
“and x 3 represents the intersectional effects of a particular gender-race-class configuration:”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Additional information
“These editorial boards do not even include women, let alone scholars who work on gender.”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Additional information
“In terms of gender balance, World Politics has 1 woman out of 17 members; Comparative Politics, 1 of 7; Comparative Political Studies, 4 women of 34; the Journal of Peace Research, 1 of 30; the Journal of Human Rights, 3 of 29; and the Journal of Democracy, 5 of 40.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Of the 3,510 articles listed in JSTOR, the Scholarly Journal Archive, for these same top political science journals over the past decade, 2.5% (90) had "gender" or "women" in the title”
§ CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND POLITICS Moving to a Comparative Politics of Gender? > Additional information
Reported 2.5 · recomputed 2.564103
Citations
Cites
Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color
Crenshaw, K. (1991) · Stanford Law Review · doi:10.2307/1229039 · Cited by 32,792
Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research
Skocpol, T. (1985) · Bringing the State Back In · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511628283.002 · Cited by 2,370
It's All In the Family: Intersections of Gender, Race, and Nation
Collins, P. H. (1998) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.1998.tb01370.x · Cited by 1,476
Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: An Agenda for Theory
Mackinnon, C. A. (1982) · Signs · doi:10.1086/493898 · Cited by 1,255
From Sex Roles to Gendered Institutions
Acker, J. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2075528 · Cited by 1,140
Gender as Seriality: Thinking about Women as a Social Collective
Young, I. M. (1994) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/494918 · Cited by 778
Social Movements and Organization Theory
Davis, G., McAdam, D., Scott, W., & Zald, M. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511791000 · Cited by 762
Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory
Harris, A. P. (1990) · Stanford Law Review · doi:10.2307/1228886 · Cited by 740
Women in the Legislatures and Executives of the World: Knocking at the Highest Glass Ceiling
Reynolds, A. (1999) · World Politics · doi:10.1017/s0043887100009254 · Cited by 610
Congressional Enactments of Race–Gender: Toward a Theory of Raced–Gendered Institutions
Hawkesworth, M. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000868 · Cited by 577
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Brewer, 1999, Race, Gender and Class, 6, 29
- Beckwith, 2000, European Journal of Political Research, 37, 431
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bauer, G. R., Churchill, S. M., Mahendran, M., Walwyn, C., Lizotte, D. J., & Villa-Rueda, A. A. (2021) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100798 · Cited by 1,082
“While there are few standard practices for intersectional statistical analysis, multiple methods have been proposed, including conventional methods such as cross-tabulation analyses stratifying measures of central tendency by intersectional groups (Spierings, 2012) or regression models (Warner, 2008; Weldon, 2006).”
MethodIntersectionality and the determinants of health: a Canadian perspective
Hankivsky, O., & Christoffersen, A. (2008) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581590802294296 · Cited by 571
“Accordingly, an intersectional approach directs attention to variation which ‘helps to identify the distinctive features (and perhaps the causes) of particular national constellations of social structure, perhaps linking such structures to particular historic trajectories’ (Weldon 2006 , p.”
BackgroundPaxton, P. M., Kunovich, S., & Hughes, M. M. (2007) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131651 · Cited by 463
“…on the race, ethnicity, religion, etc., of women; (b) moving beyond assessments of different groups, e.g., studying women or minorities, to assessments of intersecting difference (e.g., Black 2000, Fraga et al. 2005, Weldon 2006); and (c) addressing both domestic and global divides among women.”
BackgroundIntersectionality, Quotas, and Minority Women's Political Representation Worldwide
Hughes, M. M. (2011) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055411000293 · Cited by 301
The Theory and Praxis of Intersectionality in Work and Organisations: Where Do We Go From Here?
Rodríguez, J. K., Holvino, E., Fletcher, J. K., & Nkomo, S. M. (2016) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12131 · Cited by 345
“(Collins, 1993; Prins, 2006; Weldon, 2006; Jordan-Zachery, 2007; Anthias, 2013) and its methodological and paradigmatic scope (McCall, 2005; Hancock, 2007a, 2007b; Syed, 2010; Winker and Degele, 2011; Christensen and Jensen, 2012; Walby and Strid, 2012).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Weldon, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weldon, S. Laurel
- ORCID
- Weldon, S. Laurel
- Venue
- Politics & Gender
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 02
- ISSN
- 1743-923X (ISSN-L)
- 1743-9248
- OpenAlex
- W2152330294
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 17.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Politics & Gender (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Politics and Representation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Keywords
- intersectionality, gender relations, race, class, sexuality, women in politics, comparative politics, social norms, institutions, resistance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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