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Peer-provided Problem Management Plus (PM+) for adult Syrian refugees: a pilot randomised controlled trial on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness
Open accessAbstract
Aims: Common mental disorders are highly prevalent among Syrian refugees. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a brief, transdiagnostic, non-specialist helper delivered, psychological intervention targeting psychological distress. This single-blind pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) on PM+ delivered by peer-refugees examined trial procedures in advance of a definitive RCT, evaluated PM+ 's acceptability and feasibility, and investigated its likely effectiveness and cost-effectiveness among Syrian refugees in the Netherlands. Methods: Adult Syrian refugees (N = 60) with elevated psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) score >15) and reduced pychosocial functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS) score >16) were randomised into PM+ in addition to care as usual (CAU) (PM+/CAU; n = 30) or CAU alone (n = 30). Primary outcomes were symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hopkins Symptom Checklist; HSCL-25) at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were pychosocial functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule; WHODAS 2.0), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD Checklist for DSM 5; PCL-5) and self-identified problems (Psychological Outcomes Profiles; PSYCHLOPS). Changes in service utilisation and time out of employment and/or adult education were estimated (adapted version of the Client Service Receipt Inventory; CSRI). Semi-structured interviews on the implementation of PM+ were conducted with stakeholders (i.e. six PM+ participants, five non-specialist helpers and five key informants). Results: Recruitment, randomization and blinding procedures were successful. PM+ was generally perceived positively by stakeholders, especially regarding the intervention strategies, accommodation of the intervention and the helpers. Two serious adverse events not attributable to the trial were reported. At 3-month follow-up, the HSCL-25 total score was significantly lower for the PM+/CAU group (n = 30) than CAU group (n = 30) (p = 0.004; d = 0.58). Significant differences in favour of PM+/CAU were also found for WHODAS psychosocial functioning (p = 0.009, d = 0.73), PCL-5 symptoms of PTSD (p = 0.006, d = 0.66) and PSYCHLOPS self-identified problems (p = 0.005, d = 0.81). There were no significant differences in mean health service costs (p = 0.191) and the mean costs of lost productive time (p = 0.141). This suggests PM+ may potentially be cost-effective with an incremental cost from a health system perspective of €5047 (95% CI €0–€19 773) per additional recovery achieved. Conclusions: Trial procedures and PM+ delivered by non-specialist peer-refugee helpers seemed acceptable, feasible and safe. Analyses indicate that PM+ may be effective in improving mental health outcomes and psychosocial functioning, and potentially cost-effective. These results support the development of a definitive RCT with a larger sample of refugees and a longer follow-up period.
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“Prior research has indicated that participants commonly had difficulties finishing all 5 sessions of PM+ because of the lengthy sessions, which frequently interfered with finding or maintaining a job, performing domestic duties, or raising children [8-10].”
From A Digital Tool (Technology-Assisted Problem Management Plus) for Lay Health Workers to Address Common Mental Health Disorders: Co-production and Usability Study in Pakistan (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
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“Problem Management Plus, a World Health Organization–endorsed brief psychological intervention for mental health disorders, has been shown to be effective and cost-effective in various countries globally”
From A Digital Tool (Technology-Assisted Problem Management Plus) for Lay Health Workers to Address Common Mental Health Disorders: Co-production and Usability Study in Pakistan (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
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“but faces implementation challenges, such as quality control in training, supervision, and delivery.”
From A Digital Tool (Technology-Assisted Problem Management Plus) for Lay Health Workers to Address Common Mental Health Disorders: Co-production and Usability Study in Pakistan (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“In previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs), PM + has been found to be effective in reducing psychological distress in low-income settings [28, 29] and Syrian refugees in the Netherlands [30, 31].”
From Effectiveness of a scalable, remotely delivered stepped-care intervention to reduce symptoms of psychological distress among Polish migrant workers in the Netherlands: study protocol for the RESPOND randomised controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
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“PM+ is a low-intensity brief psychological and transdiagnostic intervention for common mental health disorders. It is an evidence-based intervention that can address various mental health issues and address the limitations posed by scarce specialized treatments in low-resource settings [8-14].”
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BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationConsolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement
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Global priorities for climate change and mental health research
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MethodInfluentialSelf-citationPosttraumatic Stress Disorder in Refugees
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“CAPS-5 will be translated to Arabic and Tigrinya for this study.”
InfluentialSelf-citationWatson, P. (2022) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-021-00253-z · Cited by 29
“However, at least two randomized controlled trials with PM + and SOLAR have found promising results in reduction of PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, psychosocial functioning, and self-identified problems, and further controlled research is underway to gather more support [59, 60].”
BackgroundMcDermott, L., Hameed, I., & Lau‐Zhu, A. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380241262262 · Cited by 32
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Lavdas, M., Guribye, E., & Sandal, G. M. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04613-2 · Cited by 23
“Introducing peer-led psychological treatments in such settings is continually proven effective in addressing treatment gap in depression and psychological distress even in high-income context [84].”
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Self-citationScalable interventions for refugees
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Self-citationScaling-up problem management plus for refugees in Switzerland - a qualitative study
Spaaij, J., Fuhr, D. C., Akhtar, A., Casanova, L., Klein, T., Schick, M., Weilenmann, S., Roberts, B., & Morina, N. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09491-8 · Cited by 28
“Additionally, the intervention is effective in reducing psychological distress and enhances psychological functioning compared to participants in control conditions [41, 42, 45, 46].”
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“Across settings, it has proven significantly (p < .05) more effective at reducing distress, reducing participant-identified difficulties, and improving psychosocial functioning, relative to usual or enhanced usual care (Bryant et al., 2017; de Graaff et al., 2020; Rahman et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSpaaij, J., de Graaff, A. M., Akhtar, A., Kiselev, N., McDaid, D., Moergeli, H., Pfaltz, M. C., Schick, M., Schnyder, U., Bryant, R. A., et al. (2023) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152421 · Cited by 21
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Self-efficacy and locus of control as transdiagnostic factors in Middle Eastern refugees
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Akhtar, A., Koyiet, P. N., Rahman, A., Schafer, A., Hamdani, S. U., Cuijpers, P. J., Sijbrandij, M., & Bryant, R. A. (2021) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23221 · Cited by 17
“These future developments are important as PM+ is being successfully adapted to augment treatment in specialist mental health care facilities (Hamdani et al., 2021) and also in high‐income countries with advanced health resources (de Graaff et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMehjabeen, D., Blignault, I., Taha, P. H., Reavley, N. J., & Slewa‐Younan, S. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17395-9 · Cited by 20
“…with culturally and linguistically appropriate program content, led by non-specialist instructors with similar culture or refugee background, same language, and gender as the participants, in safe gender-segregated groups [57, 58, 72, 75–78, 82, 83, 85–87, 93, 95, 97–101, 103, 104, 107, 108].”
BackgroundWiechers, M., Strupf, M., Bajbouj, M., Böge, K., Karnouk, C., Goerigk, S. A., Kamp‐Becker, I., Banaschewski, T., Rapp, M. A., Hasan, A., et al. (2023) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2431 · Cited by 13
“The results are comparable to the mean effect sizes of a peer-provided problem management group intervention (PM+) for refugees with depressive and stress-related symptoms [28].”
Resultde Graaff, A. M., Cuijpers, P. J., Elsawy, M., Hunaidy, S., Kieft, B., Gorgis, N., Twisk, J. W. R., Zakarian, Y., Bouman, T. K., Lommen, M. J. J., et al. (2024) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796024000519 · Cited by 17
“AssessmentsincludedArabic-language questionnairesondemographics,clinicaloutcomes,dailyfunc-tioning,stressfuleventsandhealthserviceutilisation(deGraaff et al. , 2020a).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationde Graaff, A. M., Habashneh, R., Fanatseh, S., Keyan, D., Akhtar, A., Abualhaija, A., Faroun, M., Aqel, I. S., Dardas, L. A., Servili, C., et al. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/63515 · Cited by 24
“The number of key informants per group was predefined in the study protocol based on comparable studies (eg, [41,42]) and feasibility given the low number of participants and staff in this study.”
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“However, the four RCTs [De Graaff et al., 2020; Spaaij et al., 2022; Knefel et al., 2022; Acarturk et al., 2022] using PM + showed a significant effect on PTSD (SMD − 0.34, 95% CI − 0.50 to − 0.17, I 2 = 0”
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Self-citationAn Open Trial of Skills for Psychological Recovery for Sudden Loss Survivors
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“…of PM + in the Netherlands, helpers noted that participants felt more con fi dent about PM + after applying a learned strategy for the fi rst time (de Graa ff et al., 2020) – likewise, we found migrants reported more con fi dence and ease using the breathing techniques after more experience…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRoos, R., Witteveen, A. B., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Barbui, C., Bryant, R. A., Felez-Nobrega, M., Figueiredo, N., Kalisch, R., Haro, J. M., McDaid, D., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05288-5 · Cited by 7
“In previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs), PM + has been found to be effective in reducing psychological distress in low-income settings [28, 29] and Syrian refugees in the Netherlands [30, 31].”
Self-citationLuzano, J. G. C., & Mordeno, I. G. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05326-1 · Cited by 7
“…that the PM + group’s symptoms decreased significantly lower than the control group after participating in the intervention. the effectiveness of PM + in reducing mental health concerns of individuals experiencing adversity (e.g., Bryant et al., 2017 ; de Graaff et al., 2020; Dawson et al., 2016).”
Kantor, V., Weindl, D., Schieß-Jokanovic, J., Verginer, L., Lueger‐Schuster, B., & Knefel, M. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17076-7 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, it would be advisable to investigate the effectiveness of a planned booster session some weeks/ months after completion of the training [50, 66].”
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“…stage, some studies used interviews and focus groups with different stakeholders to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and other implementation outcomes of PM+ in Nepal (Sangraula et al., 2020), Pakistan (Khan et al., 2019), and the Netherlands (de Graaff et al., 2020) at the pilot RCT stage.”
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Dowrick, C. F., Rosala‐Hallas, A., Rawlinson, R., Khan, N., Winrow, E., Chiumento, A., Burnside, G., Aslam, R. W., Billows, L., Eriksson-Lee, M., et al. (2022) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/nzxa0081 · Cited by 5
Naslund, J. A., & Karyotaki, E. (2021) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003625 · Cited by 3
“Jordans and colleagues’ study contributes compelling evidence on the effectiveness of a nonspecialist-delivered psychological intervention in a humanitarian setting, adding to prior research on the PM+ program in Pakistan [16] and Kenya [17], as well as studies of similar brief psychological interventions in refugees…”
ResultStrupf, M., Hoell, A., Bajbouj, M., Böge, K., Wiechers, M., Karnouk, C., Kamp‐Becker, I., Banaschewski, T., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Rapp, M. A., et al. (2023) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.504 · Cited by 3
“16,39,40 On the one hand, the primary analysis of the MEHIRA trial showed superior indicators of cost-effectiveness, concerning PHQ-9 and QALYs, for the intervention over the TAU condition.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialVarker, T., Fredrickson, J., Agathos, J. A., Howlett, P., Howard, A., & O'Donnell, M. L. (2025) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23127 · Cited by 6
Falgas‐Bagué, I., Melero‐Dominguez, M., de Vernisy-Romero, D., Tembo, T., Chembe, M., Lubozha, T., Paul, R., Parkerson, D., Rockers, P. C., Sikazwe, D., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287269 · Cited by 5
“Evidence suggests that culturally adapted psychosocial programs, delivered by trained para-professionals or community health workers, can effectively reduce CMHD burden [14, 15].”
BackgroundMediavilla, R., García-Vázquez, B., McGreevy, K. R., Underhill, J., Bayón, C., Bravo‐Ortiz, M. F., Muñoz‐Sanjosé, A., Haro, J. M., Monistrol-Mula, A., Nicaise, P., et al. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241287678 · Cited by 4
“45,46 Fidelity assessments are often overlooked in eHealth implementation studies of psychological interventions 47 notwithstanding their implications for research.”
BackgroundSelf-citationForced displacement, mental health, and child development: Evidence from Rohingya refugees
Islam, A., Mozumder, T. A., Rahman, T., Shatil, T., & Siddique, A. B. (2024) · doi:10.1920/wp/ifs.2024.1924 · Cited by 4
Lavdas, M., Sandal, G. M., & Bøe, T. (2024) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100365 · Cited by 5
Lavdas, M., Sandal, G. M., & Bendixsen, S. K. N. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06255-4 · Cited by 3
“This paper focuses on a group of aid workers that has received limited attention in international research: individuals with refugee backgrounds involved in humanitarian care, referred to as Peer Refugee Helpers (PRHs) [17].”
Burkinshaw, M., & Wilcockson, M. (2025) · International Journal of Migration Health and Social Care · doi:10.1108/ijmhsc-03-2024-0031 · Cited by 2
A Literature Review on the Role of Paraprofessionals in Delivering Brief Psychological Interventions
Lubin, E. J., Xie, A., Chang, M., & Kim, Y.-S. (2025) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-025-01482-7 · Cited by 2
“…other studies, parapro-fessionals were selected from volunteers or workers already affiliated with the organization conducting the intervention (Barnes et al., 2018; Bizouerne et al., 2023 ; De Graaff et al., 2020; McCart et al., 2020; Raue et al., 2022; Sangraula et al., 2020; Somer et al., 2005).”
Papathanasiou, C., & Kougioumtzi, A. (2024) · Mental Health Science · doi:10.1002/mhs2.86 · Cited by 2
“…in low ‐ and middle ‐ income countries (Bryant et al., 2017; Dawson et al., 2016; Hamdani et al., 2020; Rahman et al., 2016; Sijbrandij et al., 2015; Smith et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2020) but also in high ‐ income countries (de Graaff et al., 2020, 2023; Sever et al., 2021; Spaaij et al., 2022).”
Papathanasiou, C., Pantelidou, S., Belekou, P., Μενεδιάτου, Α., Μάντζαρη, Α., & Stylianidis, S. (2024) · Psychology the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society · doi:10.12681/psy_hps.31517 · Cited by 2
Dardas, L. A., Habashneh, R., Keyan, D., Ali, A., Saleh, R., Aqel, I. S., Abualhaija, A., & Bryant, R. A. (2025) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.70054 · Cited by 2
Self-citationMwale, O., Kasambara, K., Houde, A., Mpinga, K., Kayira, W., Harawa, M., Kamwiyo, M., Isaacs, R., Nhlema, B., Ruderman, T., et al. (2025) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2025.2500785 · Cited by 2
“Similarly, a study done in the Netherlands found that PM+ was generally received positively by stakeholders involved in a clinical trial for adult Syrian refugees [37].”
Massazza, A., Eaton, J., Elshazly, M., Charlson, F., & Augustinavicius, J. (2022) · Intervention · doi:10.4103/intv.intv_30_21 · Cited by 2
Schlechter, P., Hellmann, J. H., Kamp, S., Echterhoff, G., Wanninger, K., Wagner, U., & Knausenberger, J. (2023) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/00220221231171060 · Cited by 2
“Although the mental health needs of refugees and culturally sensitive therapy approaches are widely known (de Graaff et al., 2020, 2022), a lack of interpreters, limited therapy places, and bureaucracy pose severe barriers to mental health treatment of refugees in Germany (Böttche et al., 2016;…”
BackgroundKeyan, D., Dawson, K. S., Yadav, S., Azevedo, S., Choi‐Christou, J., Maliakkal, D. J., Pillai, M. K., Chokhani, R., Thomas, E., George, T. S., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2503603 · Cited by 1
“The gPM+ programme has been assessed with refugee and conflict-affected communities (de Graaff et al., 2020), in the aftermath of natural disasters (Jordans et al., 2021; Sangraula et al., 2020), and during health stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic (Bryant et al., 2022b).”
Self-citationKeyan, D., Spaaij, J., Schick, M., Bryant, R. A., & Morina, N. (2026) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2025-004226 · Cited by 1
Self-citationPatel, A., Ramirez, G., Fernandes, L., Bariya-Sousa, A., McGuinness, E., Taha, S., Biswal, B., Awasthi, A., Wilson, D., Dixon, K. E., et al. (2026) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(26)00123-9 · Cited by 1
The Research Progress and Application of PM+ Technology in Perinatal Women’s Mental Health
余, 慧. (2023) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2023.133140 · Cited by 1
Rzepka, I., Zehetmair, C., Nagy, E., Friederich, H., & Nikendei, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1453957 · Cited by 2
“This aspect has been included for example in a major WHO project, evaluating a transdiagnostic approach “ Problem Management Plus ” , which targets general stress management and problem-solving strategies and behavioural activation (63 – 65).”
Schäfer, S. K., Kunzler, A. M., Lindner, S., Broll, J., Stoll, M., Stoffers-Winterling, J. M., & Lieb, K. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/mcru5 · Cited by 1
Daniel, N., Liu, X., Thomas, E. T., Eraneva-Dibb, E., Ahmad, A.-M., & Heneghan, C. J. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.03.08.24303974 · Cited by 1
Mental Health and Social Support Interventions
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34078-9_6
Trauma-Focused Interventions for Children and Adolescents in Migration Contexts
Dobler, V., Derluyn, I., Draper, A., Marcellino, E., & Pfeiffer, E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77215-3_20
van Oudenaren, M. J. F., Witteveen, A. B., Dirkzwager, A., & Sijbrandij, M. (2025) · Health & Justice · doi:10.1186/s40352-025-00341-9
“For instance, a pilot study of PM + with Syrian refugees in the Netherlands showed promising effects, both in the pilot and in the subsequent full-powered RCT (de Graaff et al., 2020, 2023).”
Self-citationHart, C., Desai, R., Stuart, L., & Norris, S. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2025.1569135
Keyan, D., Spaaij, J., Schick, M., Bryant, R. A., & Morina, N. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.19.25334041
Self-citationDieste, S., Naseri, F., Dykema, J., Merrell, C., Laywell, A., Kargar, H., & Stewart, S. M. (2025) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.70117
Mattelin, E., Alözkan, C., Shahnavaz, S., Sijbrandij, M., Mittendorfer‐Rutz, E., & Akhtar, A. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-104845 · Cited by 1
Self-citationKamwiyo, M., Mwale, O., Mpinga, K., Kayira, W., Johnson, I., Ruderman, T., Matanje, B., Kasambara, K., Houde, A., Isaacs, R., et al. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13830-2
“This qualitative testimony is corroborated by a study by Graaff and colleagues (2020), which found that PM + delivered by non-specialist peer refugee helpers was deemed acceptable, feasible, and safe [33].”
Roos, R., Witteveen, A. B., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Barbui, C., Bryant, R. A., Félez-Nóbrega, M., Figueiredo, N., Kalisch, R., Haro, J. M., McDaid, D., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24494502
Self-citationKantor, V., Weindl, D., Schieß-Jokanovic, J., Verginer, L., Lueger‐Schuster, B., & Knefel, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26635650
Kantor, V., Weindl, D., Schieß-Jokanovic, J., Verginer, L., Lueger‐Schuster, B., & Knefel, M. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24499416
Nguyen, T. P., Guajardo, M. G. U., Sahle, B. W., Renzaho, A. M. N., & Slewa‐Younan, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.17913219
Kantor, V., Weindl, D., Schieß-Jokanovic, J., Verginer, L., Lueger‐Schuster, B., & Knefel, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26635644
Lavdas, M., Guribye, E., & Sandal, G. M. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22609762
Roos, R., Witteveen, A. B., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Barbui, C., Bryant, R. A., Félez-Nóbrega, M., Figueiredo, N., Kalisch, R., Haro, J. M., McDaid, D., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24494112
Self-citationKantor, V., Weindl, D., Schieß-Jokanovic, J., Verginer, L., Lueger‐Schuster, B., & Knefel, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24499476
Kantor, V., Weindl, D., Schieß-Jokanovic, J., Verginer, L., Lueger‐Schuster, B., & Knefel, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26635638
Kantor, V., Weindl, D., Schieß-Jokanovic, J., Verginer, L., Lueger‐Schuster, B., & Knefel, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26635641
Kantor, V., Weindl, D., Schieß-Jokanovic, J., Verginer, L., Lueger‐Schuster, B., & Knefel, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26635647
Spaaij, J., Fuhr, D. C., Akhtar, A., Casanova, L., Klein, T., Schick, M., Weilenmann, S., Roberts, B., & Morina, N. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22826932
Self-citationSpaaij, J., Fuhr, D. C., Akhtar, A., Casanova, L., Klein, T., Schick, M., Weilenmann, S., Roberts, B., & Morina, N. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22826929
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- de Graaff, A. M., Cuijpers, P., McDaid, D., Park, A., Woodward, A., Bryant, R. A., Fuhr, D. C., Kieft, B., Minkenberg, E., & Sijbrandij, M.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
- Royal Tropical Institute (NL)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Parnassia Groep (NL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 29
- ISSN
- 2045-7960 (ISSN-L)
- 2045-7979
- PMC
- PMC7443797
- OpenAlex
- W3047469187
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- Problem Management Plus, peer-mediated intervention, Syrian refugees, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosocial functioning, common mental disorders, cost-effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability, refugee mental health services, service utilization, Syria
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