Cited by 493Fluorine in Organic ChemistryPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchSynthesis and properties of polymers

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Biological Utility of Fluorinated Compounds: from Materials Design to Molecular Imaging, Therapeutics and Environmental Remediation

Zhang, Cheng, Yan, Kai, Fu, Changkui, Peng, Hui, Hawker, Craig J., Whittaker, Andrew K.·2022·Chemical Reviews

DOI 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00632

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Abstract

The applications of fluorinated molecules in bioengineering and nanotechnology are expanding rapidly with the controlled introduction of fluorine being broadly studied due to the unique properties of C–F bonds. This review will focus on the design and utility of C–F containing materials in imaging, therapeutics, and environmental applications with a central theme being the importance of controlling fluorine–fluorine interactions and understanding how such interactions impact biological behavior. Low natural abundance of fluorine is shown to provide sensitivity and background advantages for imaging and detection of a variety of diseases with 19 F magnetic resonance imaging, 18 F positron emission tomography and ultrasound discussed as illustrative examples. The presence of C–F bonds can also be used to tailor membrane permeability and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs and delivery agents for enhanced cell uptake and therapeutics. A key message of this review is that while the promise of C–F containing materials is significant, a subset of highly fluorinated compounds such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been identified as posing a potential risk to human health. The unique properties of the C–F bond and the significant potential for fluorine–fluorine interactions in PFAS structures necessitate the development of new strategies for facile and efficient environmental removal and remediation. Recent progress in the development of fluorine-containing compounds as molecular imaging and therapeutic agents will be reviewed and their design features contrasted with environmental and health risks for PFAS systems. Finally, present challenges and future directions in the exploitation of the biological aspects of fluorinated systems will be described.

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Self-citation
Quantification of the amount of surface groups of aminated silica nano- and microparticles utilizing a fluorine tag and HR-CS-GFMAS
Tavernaro, I., Simon, F., Gehrenkemper, L., Tobias, C., Resch‐Genger, U., & Meermann, B. (2025) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-025-06107-4 · Cited by 3

Authors: Zhang, C., Yan, K., Fu, C., Peng, H., Hawker, C. J., & Whittaker, A. K.
Affiliations: University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
Shaanxi University of Science and Technology (CN)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author: Zhang, Cheng
Yan, Kai
Hawker, Craig J.
Whittaker, Andrew K.
ORCID: Zhang, Cheng
Yan, Kai
Fu, Changkui
Peng, Hui
Hawker, Craig J.
Whittaker, Andrew K.
Venue: Chemical Reviews
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2021-10-05
Volume: 122
Issue: 1
Pages: 167-208
ISSN: 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
1520-6890
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00632
OpenAlex: W3203050184
Cited by: 493
References: 307
Citations by year: 2026: 92 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 117 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 1
FWCI: 6.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-045 (stm-asf)
Locations: Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Army Research Office (W911NF-19-2-0026)
National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1157440)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M633503)
Australian Research Council (CE140100036)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51803112)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Synthesis and properties of polymers
Keywords: fluorinated compounds, C-F bonds, fluorine-fluorine interactions, 19F MRI, molecular imaging, drug delivery, membrane permeability, pharmacokinetics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, environmental remediation, health risks, bioengineering, nanotechnology
MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations, Fluorine, Humans, Positron-Emission Tomography, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Molecular Imaging

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Biological Utility of Fluorinated Compounds: from Materials Design to Molecular Imaging, Therapeutics and Environmental Remediation

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