Cited by 305Organic and Inorganic Chemical ReactionsChemical Synthesis and ReactionsMesoporous Materials and Catalysis

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SO 3 H-Containing Functional Carbon Materials: Synthesis, Structure, and Acid Catalysis

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Konwar, Lakhya Jyoti, Mäki-Arvela, Päivi, Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka·2019·Chemical Reviews

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Abstract

The “sulfonated carbons” are a new class of metal-free solid protonic acids characterized by their unique carbon structure and Brønsted acidity (− H 0 = 8–11) on par to concentrated H 2 SO 4 . These carbon materials covalently functionalized with SO 3 H groups via C–PhSO 3 H or C–SO 3 H linkages can act as versatile water-tolerant solid acids. Due to their low production costs, unique surface chemistry, high chemical and thermal stability, as well as tailorable pore structures they are regarded as potential substitutes to liquid H 2 SO 4 . Catalysis, in particular, biomass and large molecule catalysis, is one of the important areas in which acidic carbons have demonstrated exceptional activity and selectivity, outperforming traditional solid acid catalysts (cation-exchange resins, sulfated oxides, and acidic zeolites). In this review we address developments in the different types SO 3 H- and PhSO 3 H-functionalized acidic carbon materials, their structure, active sites, and surface properties, applications in catalysis, as well as activation and deactivation characteristics covering important literature since 2004. In particular, we aim to provide a systematic discussion on the specific merits and demerits of such materials obtained from different carbon precursors and functionalization methods which directly influence the structure–stability–acidic properties and catalytic performance.

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Authors: Konwar, L. J., Mäki-Arvela, P., & Mikkola, J.-P.
Affiliations: Umeå University (SE)
Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo-Turku FI-20500, Finland
Åbo Akademi University (FI)
Corresponding author: Konwar, Lakhya Jyoti
ORCID: Konwar, Lakhya Jyoti
Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka
Venue: Chemical Reviews
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2019-10-07
Volume: 119
Issue: 22
Pages: 11576-11630
ISSN: 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
1520-6890
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00199
OpenAlex: W2979558256
Cited by: 305
References: 241
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 28
FWCI: 2.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.abo.fi
Licence: other-oa
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-045 (stm-asf)
Locations: Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Åbo Akademi University Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Kempestiftelserna
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
bio4energy
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Organic and Inorganic Chemical Reactions
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
Keywords: sulfonated carbon, solid acid catalysts, Brønsted acidity, catalyst deactivation, catalyst activation, carbon precursors, surface properties, structure-activity relationship

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SO 3 H-Containing Functional Carbon Materials: Synthesis, Structure, and Acid Catalysis

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