A Review of Recent Advances in Biomass Pyrolysis
Abstract
Pyrolysis has created many (and will open more) possibilities for high-value utilization of biomass. To obtain the optimal amount of desired pyrolysis products, especially high-quality bio-oil, a great deal of effort has been conducted in both academia in the past few decades, to clarify fundamental mechanisms of biomass pyrolysis and design efficient relevant technical processes. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advances in both fundamental studies and technology applications of biomass pyrolysis. First, pyrolysis mechanisms of real biomass and its major components, the reactor-scale simulation of biomass pyrolysis, and applications of pyrolysis products are discussed. Then, according to the requirements imposed to improve the physicochemical properties of respective pyrolysis products, relevant optimization and regulation methods for biomass pyrolysis process are reviewed. Previous research has indicated that biomass copyrolysis with other feedstock can not only enhance physicochemical properties of pyrolysis products but also effectively realize recycling of wastes. Thus, an in-depth discussion of recent advances in biomass copyrolysis with four different feedstocks (i.e., coal, plastics, tires, and sludge) is covered in this Review. As an indispensable component of general biomass pyrolysis, recent activities of catalytic biomass pyrolysis are also summarized, including new catalytic pyrolysis processes such as catalytic hydropyrolysis and catalytic copyrolysis. Besides, two novel heating approaches (microwave heating and solar heating) for biomass pyrolysis are described, and their features are compared with the conventional heating method. Finally, this Review is concluded with perspectives for future directions of biomass pyrolysis.
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Pyrolysis is a thermo-conversion technique performed at temperatures of around 500-600 °C, in the absence of oxygen and at atmospheric pressure, that has proved valuable for generating bio-oils from dry (<5% moisture) lignocellulosic material with gas and biochar also being formed.
“Pyrolysis is a thermo-conversion technique performed at temperatures of around 500-600 ◦ C, in the absence of oxygen and at atmospheric pressure that has proved valuable for generating bio-oils from dry (<5% moisture) lignocellulosic material with gas and biochar also being formed [99].”
From Key Targets for Improving Algal Biofuel Production (2021) · cites this paper as [99]
Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste upgrades oil quality by removing oxygen from biomass and producing more aromatics and olefins.
“Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste showed promising results in upgrading the oil quality by removing oxygen from the biomass and producing more aromatics and olefins (Wang et al. 2020b).”
From Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review (2021) · cites this paper as Wang et al. 2020b
Recent trends appear to favour use of wood as a co-feedstock when using pyrolysis to dispose of plastics and car tyres.
“Recent trends appear to favour the use of wood as a co-feedstock when using pyrolysis to dispose of plastics and car tyres [109].”
From Developments in the Recycling of Wood and Wood Fibre in the UK: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
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Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review
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“Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste showed promising results in upgrading the oil quality by removing oxygen from the biomass and producing more aromatics and olefins (Wang et al. 2020b).”
BackgroundBiorefineries: Achievements and challenges for a bio-based economy
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Developments in the Recycling of Wood and Wood Fibre in the UK: A Review
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- Authors
- Wang, G., Dai, Y., Yang, H., Xiong, Q., Wang, K., Zhou, J., Li, Y., & Wang, S.
- Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization (CN)
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion (CN)
- General Motors (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Haiping
- Wang, Shurong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Energy & Fuels
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-11-16
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 15557-15578
- ISSN
- 0887-0624 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5029
- OpenAlex
- W3104884246
- Cited by
- 597
- References
- 199
- Citations by year
- 2026: 92 · 2025: 135 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 18.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Energy & Fuels (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51725603)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Keywords
- biomass pyrolysis, bio-oil, pyrolysis mechanism, biomass co-pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, catalytic hydropyrolysis, microwave heating, solar heating, waste recycling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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