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It Takes Two to Tango: When and Where Dual Nutrient (N & P) Reductions Are Needed to Protect Lakes and Downstream Ecosystems

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Paerl, Hans W., Scott, J. Thad, McCarthy, Mark J., Newell, Silvia E., Gardner, Wayne S., Havens, Karl E., Hoffman, Daniel K., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.·2016·Environmental Science & Technology

DOI 10.1021/acs.est.6b02575

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Abstract

Preventing harmful algal blooms (HABs) is needed to protect lakes and downstream ecosystems. Traditionally, reducing phosphorus (P) inputs was the prescribed solution for lakes, based on the assumption that P universally limits HAB formation. Reduction of P inputs has decreased HABs in many lakes, but was not successful in others. Thus, the "P-only" paradigm is overgeneralized. Whole-lake experiments indicate that HABs are often stimulated more by combined P and nitrogen (N) enrichment rather than N or P alone, indicating that the dynamics of both nutrients are important for HAB control. The changing paradigm from P-only to consideration of dual nutrient control is supported by studies indicating that (1) biological N fixation cannot always meet lake ecosystem N needs, and (2) that anthropogenic N and P loading has increased dramatically in recent decades. Sediment P accumulation supports long-term internal loading, while N may escape via denitrification, leading to perpetual N deficits. Hence, controlling both N and P inputs will help control HABs in some lakes and also reduce N export to downstream N-sensitive ecosystems. Managers should consider whether balanced control of N and P will most effectively reduce HABs along the freshwater-marine continuum.

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Authors: Paerl, H. W., Scott, J. T., McCarthy, M. J., Newell, S. E., Gardner, W. S., Havens, K. E., Hoffman, D. K., Wilhelm, S. W., & Wurtsbaugh, W. A.
Venue: Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2016-10-06
Volume: 50
Issue: 20
Pages: 10805-10813
ISSN: 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
1520-5851
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02575
OpenAlex: W2525084792
Cited by: 718
References: 64
FWCI: 28.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green

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It Takes Two to Tango: When and Where Dual Nutrient (N & P) Reductions Are Needed to Protect Lakes and Downstream Ecosystems

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