BFEE2: Automated, Streamlined, and Accurate Absolute Binding Free-Energy Calculations
Abstract
, following either an alchemical or a geometrical route, involves several subprocesses and requires the introduction of geometric restraints. Human intervention, for instance, to define the necessary collective variables, prepare the input files, monitor the simulation, and perform post-treatments is, however, tedious, cumbersome, and prone to errors. With the aim of automating and streamlining free-energy calculations, especially for nonexperts, version 2.0 of the binding free energy estimator (BFEE2) provides both standardized alchemical and geometrical workflows and obviates the need for extensive human intervention to guarantee complete reproducibility of the results. To achieve the largest gamut of protein-ligand and, more generally, of host-guest complexes, BFEE2 supports most academic force fields, such as CHARMM, Amber, OPLS, and GROMOS. Configurational files are generated in the NAMD and Gromacs formats, and all the post-treatments are performed in an automated fashion. Moreover, convergence of the free-energy calculation can be monitored from the intermediate files generated during the simulation. All in all, BFEE2 is a foolproof, versatile tool for accurate absolute binding free-energy calculations, assisting the end-user over a broad range of applications.
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The free energy terms ΔGcsite, ΔGosite, ΔGasite and ΔGcbulk in eq 2 can be evaluated in sequential, one-dimensional PMF calculations.
“The free energy terms ΔGcsite, ΔGosite, ΔGasite and ΔGcbulk in eq 2 can be evaluated in sequential, one-dimensional PMF calculations.92”
From Assessment of the Topology and Oligomerisation States of Coiled Coils Using Metadynamics with Conformational Restraints (2025) · cites this paper as [92]
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“92 The term Δ G o bulk can be calculated analytically as an angular integral (eq 5) and corresponds to the orientational movement of an unbound partner in the bulk.”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Fu, H., Chen, H., Cai, W., Shao, X., & Chipot, C.
- Affiliations
- Nankai University (CN)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Cai, Wensheng
- Shao, Xueguang
- Chipot, Christophe
- Venue
- Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2021-04-27
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2116-2123
- ISSN
- 1549-9596 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-960X
- OpenAlex
- W3158032220
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 7.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (18JCYBJC20500)
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (63201015, 63201043)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (bs6619012)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21775076, 22073050)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Keywords
- absolute binding free energy, alchemical free energy calculations, protein-ligand binding, host-guest complexes, workflow automation, force fields, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, GROMACS, reproducibility
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Ligands, Thermodynamics, Reproducibility of Results, Entropy, Molecular Dynamics Simulation
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