Predictions of Ligand Selectivity from Absolute Binding Free Energy Calculations
Open accessAbstract
Binding selectivity is a requirement for the development of a safe drug, and it is a critical property for chemical probes used in preclinical target validation. Engineering selectivity adds considerable complexity to the rational design of new drugs, as it involves the optimization of multiple binding affinities. Computationally, the prediction of binding selectivity is a challenge, and generally applicable methodologies are still not available to the computational and medicinal chemistry communities. Absolute binding free energy calculations based on alchemical pathways provide a rigorous framework for affinity predictions and could thus offer a general approach to the problem. We evaluated the performance of free energy calculations based on molecular dynamics for the prediction of selectivity by estimating the affinity profile of three bromodomain inhibitors across multiple bromodomain families, and by comparing the results to isothermal titration calorimetry data. Two case studies were considered. In the first one, the affinities of two similar ligands for seven bromodomains were calculated and returned excellent agreement with experiment (mean unsigned error of 0.81 kcal/mol and Pearson correlation of 0.75). In this test case, we also show how the preferred binding orientation of a ligand for different proteins can be estimated via free energy calculations. In the second case, the affinities of a broad-spectrum inhibitor for 22 bromodomains were calculated and returned a more modest accuracy (mean unsigned error of 1.76 kcal/mol and Pearson correlation of 0.48); however, the reparametrization of a sulfonamide moiety improved the agreement with experiment.
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More rigorous free energy methods such as alchemical binding free energy calculations have become established for the computation of binding free energies of small molecules to proteins with MD.
“More rigorous free energy methods such as alchemical binding free energy calculations have become established for the computation of binding free energies of small molecules to proteins with MD.55−60”
From Assessment of the Topology and Oligomerisation States of Coiled Coils Using Metadynamics with Conformational Restraints (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Aldeghi, M., Heifetz, A., Bodkin, M. J., Knapp, S., & Biggin, P. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Evotec (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Biggin, Philip C.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-12-23
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 946-957
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- PMC
- PMC5253712
- OpenAlex
- W2560915683
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14
- FWCI
- 14.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (092809/Z/10/Z)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/G037280/1)
- Evotec AG (NA)
- Structural Genomics Consortium (NA)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Keywords
- absolute binding free energy, alchemical free energy calculations, molecular dynamics, bromodomain inhibitors, ligand binding orientation, target validation, chemical probes
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