Cited by 266Infection Control and VentilationAerosol Filtration and Electrostatic PrecipitationTextile materials and evaluations

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Household Materials Selection for Homemade Cloth Face Coverings and Their Filtration Efficiency Enhancement with Triboelectric Charging

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Zhao, Mervin, Liao, Lei, Xiao, Wang, Yu, Xuanze, Wang, Haotian, Wang, Qiqi, Lin, Ying Ling, Kilinc-Balci, F. Selcen, Price, Amy, Chu, Larry, Chu, May C., Chu, Steven, Cui, Yi·2020·Nano Letters

DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02211PMC PMC10760933

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is currently causing a severe disruption and shortage in the global supply chain of necessary personal protective equipment (e.g., N95 respirators). The U.S. CDC has recommended use of household cloth by the general public to make cloth face coverings as a method of source control. We evaluated the filtration properties of natural and synthetic materials using a modified procedure for N95 respirator approval. Common fabrics of cotton, polyester, nylon, and silk had filtration efficiency of 5-25%, polypropylene spunbond had filtration efficiency 6-10%, and paper-based products had filtration efficiency of 10-20%. An advantage of polypropylene spunbond is that it can be simply triboelectrically charged to enhance the filtration efficiency (from 6 to >10%) without any increase in pressure (stable overnight and in humid environments). Using the filtration quality factor, fabric microstructure, and charging ability, we are able to provide an assessment of suggested fabric materials for homemade facial coverings.

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Authors: Zhao, M., Liao, L., Xiao, W., Yu, X., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Lin, Y. L., Kilinc-Balci, F. S., Price, A., Chu, L., Chu, M. C., Chu, S., & Cui, Y.
Affiliations: 4C Air (United States) (US)
4C Air, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94089, United States
World Health Organization (CH)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
Stanford Medicine (US)
Colorado School of Public Health (US)
Stanford University (US)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author: Cui, Yi
ORCID: Zhao, Mervin
Liao, Lei
Wang, Haotian
Wang, Qiqi
Lin, Ying Ling
Kilinc-Balci, F. Selcen
Price, Amy
Chu, Larry
Chu, May C.
Chu, Steven
Cui, Yi
Venue: Nano Letters
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2020-06-02
Volume: 20
Issue: 7
Pages: 5544-5552
ISSN: 1530-6984 (ISSN-L)
1530-6992
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02211
PMC: PMC10760933
OpenAlex: W3029827942
Cited by: 266
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 35
FWCI: 31.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: doi.org/10.15223/policy-001 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-009 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
Locations: Nano Letters (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Funders: World Health Organization
National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Textile materials and evaluations
Keywords: filtration efficiency, triboelectric charging, cotton, polyesters, nylon, silk, COVID-19 personal protective equipment, source control, fabric microstructure
MeSH terms: Personal Protective Equipment, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aerosols, Air Microbiology, Electricity, Equipment Design, Filtration, Humans, Masks, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Particle Size, Pneumonia, Viral, Textiles, Coronavirus Infections, Nanotechnology, Nanostructures, Pandemics

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Household Materials Selection for Homemade Cloth Face Coverings and Their Filtration Efficiency Enhancement with Triboelectric Charging

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