A Novel Destabilizing Domain Based on a Small-Molecule Dependent Fluorophore
Open accessAbstract
Tools that can directly regulate the activity of any protein-of-interest are valuable in the study of complex biological processes. Herein, we describe the development of a novel protein domain that exhibits small molecule-dependent stability and fluorescence based on the bilirubin-inducible fluorescent protein, UnaG. When genetically fused to any protein-of-interest, this fluorescent destabilizing domain (FDD) confers its instability to the entire fusion protein, facilitating the rapid degradation of the fusion. In the presence of its cognate ligand bilirubin (BR), the FDD fusion becomes stable and fluorescent. This new chemical genetic tool allows for rapid, reversible, and tunable control over the stability and fluorescence of a wide range of protein targets.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The UnaG degron mutant (A36V, R136G) acts as a destabilizing degron on fusion proteins in the absence of bilirubin.
“Random mutagenesis and screening of UnaG yielded a two amino acid substitution mutant (A36V, R136G), which acts as a destabilizing degron on fusion proteins in the absence of BR (tested on mCherry, proteasome interactors zfand2a and zfand2b, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme ube2n and the cell cycle regulator p21) (Fig. 2b) [22].”
From Advances in targeted degradation of endogenous proteins (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
Fire, A., Xu, S., Montgomery, M. K., Kostas, S. A., Driver, S. E., & Mello, C. C. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35888 · Cited by 15,429 · see citing works
p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases
Xiong, Y., Hannon, G., Zhang, H., Casso, D., Kobayashi, R., & Beach, D. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/366701a0 · Cited by 3,691 · see citing works
An auxin-based degron system for the rapid depletion of proteins in nonplant cells
Nishimura, K., Fukagawa, T., Takisawa, H., Kakimoto, T., & Kanemaki, M. (2009) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1401 · Cited by 1,663 · see citing works
Chapter 12 Monitoring Autophagic Degradation of p62/SQSTM1
Bjørkøy, G., Lamark, T., Pankiv, S., Øvervatn, A., Brech, A., & Johansen, T. (2009) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(08)03612-4 · Cited by 1,145 · see citing works
Banaszynski, L. A., Chen, L.-C., Maynard-Smith, L. A., Ooi, A. G. L., & Wandless, T. J. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.025 · Cited by 902 · see citing works
Self-citationHofmann, R. M., & Pickart, C. M. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80575-9 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Doré, S., Takahashi, M., Ferris, C. D., Hester, L. D., Guastella, D. B., & Snyder, S. H. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2445 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Small‐Molecule PROTACS: New Approaches to Protein Degradation
Toure, M., & Crews, C. M. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201507978 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
A General Chemical Method to Regulate Protein Stability in the Mammalian Central Nervous System
Iwamoto, M., Björklund, T., Lundberg, C., Kirik, D., & Wandless, T. J. (2010) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.07.009 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Self-citationA Bilirubin-Inducible Fluorescent Protein from Eel Muscle
Kumagai, A., Ando, R., Miyatake, H., Greimel, P., Kobayashi, T., Hirabayashi, Y., Shimogori, T., & Miyawaki, A. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.038 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Key function for the Ubc13 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in immune receptor signaling
Yamamoto, M., Okamoto, T., Takeda, K., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Uematsu, S., Saitoh, T., Yamamoto, N., Sakurai, H., Ishii, K. J., et al. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1367 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Tunable and reversible drug control of protein production via a self-excising degron
Chung, H. K., Jacobs, C. L., Huo, Y., Yang, J., Krumm, S. A., Plemper, R. K., Tsien, R. Y., & Lin, M. Z. (2015) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.1869 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Buckley, D. L., & Crews, C. M. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201307761 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Vigilance and Validation: Keys to Success in RNAi Screening
Sigoillot, F. D., & King, R. W. (2010) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/cb100358f · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Destabilizing Domains Derived from the Human Estrogen Receptor
Miyazaki, Y., Imoto, H., Chen, L., & Wandless, T. J. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja209933r · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationChemical Biology Strategies for Posttranslational Control of Protein Function
Rakhit, R., Navarro, R., & Wandless, T. J. (2014) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.08.011 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationLigand-switchable Substrates for a Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
Egeler, E. L., Urner, L. M., Rakhit, R., Liu, C. W., & Wandless, T. J. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.264101 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationProtein kinase inhibitors can suppress stress-induced dissociation of Hsp27
Kato, K., Ito, H., Iwamoto, I., Iida, K., & Inaguma, Y. (2001) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1379/1466-1268(2001)006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The genome editing toolbox: a spectrum of approaches for targeted modification
Cheng, J. K., & Alper, H. S. (2014) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2014.06.005 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A Dual Small‐Molecule Rheostat for Precise Control of Protein Concentration in Mammalian Cells
Lin, Y., & Pratt, M. R. (2014) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.201400006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [19]Sok J Calfon M Lu J Lichtlen P Clark SG Ron D 2001 Arsenite-inducible RNA-associated protein (AIRAP) protects cells from arsenite toxicity Cell Stress Chaperones 6 6 15 11525245 PMC434377
- [20]Bjørkøy G Lamark T Pankiv S Øvervatn A Brech A Johansen T 2009 Monitoring autophagic degradation of p62/SQSTM1 Methods Enzymol 452 181 197 19200883
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Growing and Glowing Toolbox of Fluorescent and Photoactive Proteins
Rodriguez, E. A., Campbell, R. E., Lin, J. Y., Lin, M. Z., Miyawaki, A., Palmer, A. E., Shu, X., Zhang, J., & Tsien, R. Y. (2016) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2016.09.010 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Small-Molecule Modulation of Protein Homeostasis.
Burslem, G., & Crews, C. (2017) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00077 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Synthetic Biology—The Synthesis of Biology
Ausländer, S., Ausländer, D., & Fussenegger, M. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201609229 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Conditional Degrons for Controlling Protein Expression at the Protein Level
Natsume, T., & Kanemaki, M. T. (2017) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-024656 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Advances in targeted degradation of endogenous proteins
Röth, S., Fulcher, L. J., & Sapkota, G. P. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03112-6 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Live‐cell imaging of cell signaling using genetically encoded fluorescent reporters
Ni, Q., Mehta, S., & Zhang, J. (2017) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.14134 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Schreiber, S. L. (2018) · Israel Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ijch.201800113 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Kwon, J., Park, J. S., Kang, M., Choi, S., Park, J., Kim, G. T., Lee, C., Cha, S., Rhee, H., & Shim, S. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14067-4 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Improved production of human hemoglobin in yeast by engineering hemoglobin degradation
Ishchuk, O. P., Frost, A. T., Muñiz-Paredes, F. R., Matsumoto, S., Laforge, N., Eriksson, N. L., Martínez, J. L., & Petranović, D. (2021) · Metabolic Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2021.05.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Jung, S.-W., Yeom, J., Park, J. S., & Yoo, S. M. (2021) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107767 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Ötjengerdes, R., Roewe, J., Mejı́as, R., & Marschall, A. L. J. (2020) · BioDrugs · doi:10.1007/s40259-020-00419-w · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ligand-induced genetic degradation as a tool for target validation
Yesbolatova, A., Tominari, Y., & Kanemaki, M. T. (2018) · Drug Discovery Today Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.11.001 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Advancing therapeutic applications of synthetic gene circuits
Higashikuni, Y., Chen, W. C. W., & Lu, T. K. (2017) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2017.06.011 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ryan, A., Liu, J., & Deiters, A. (2021) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.1c04324 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A Drug-Tunable Gene Therapy for Broad-Spectrum Protection against Retinal Degeneration
Santiago, C. P., Keuthan, C. J., Boye, S. L., Boye, S. L., Imam, A. A., & Ash, J. D. (2018) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.07.016 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Genetic circuits in synthetic biology: broadening the toolbox of regulatory devices
Müller, M. M., Arndt, K. M., & Hoffmann, S. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Synthetic Biology · doi:10.3389/fsybi.2025.1548572 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Engineering stringent genetic biocontainment of yeast with a protein stability switch
Hoffmann, S. A., & Cai, Y. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44988-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zeng, Z., Huang, B., Huang, S., Zhang, R., Yan, S., Yu, X., Shu, Y., Zhao, C., Lei, J., Zhang, W., et al. (2018) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2018.02.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ilia, K., Shakiba, N., Bingham, T., Jones, R. D., Kaminski, M. M., Aravera, E., Bruno, S., Palacios, S., Weiss, R., Collins, J. J., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg8495 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Adaptable, turn-on maturation (ATOM) fluorescent biosensors for multiplexed detection in cells
Sekhon, H., Ha, J., Presti, M. F., Procopio, S. B., Jarvis, A. R., Mirsky, P. O., John, A. M., & Loh, S. N. (2023) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-023-02065-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Method for Conditional Regulation of Protein Stability in Native or Near-Native Form
Miyamae, Y., Chen, L., Utsugi, Y., Farrants, H., & Wandless, T. J. (2020) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.09.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationChemogenetic Tools in Focus: Proximity, Conformation, and Sterics
Shen, J., Zhou, G., & Wang, W. (2024) · Chemistry - Methods · doi:10.1002/cmtd.202300051 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Synthetische Biologie – die Synthese der Biologie
Ausländer, S., Ausländer, D., & Fussenegger, M. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201609229 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Strategies for Post-Translational Control of Protein Expression and Their Applications
Utsugi, Y., & Miyamae, Y. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11188300 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lead discovery and chemical biology approaches targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system
Akinjiyan, F. A., Carbonneau, S., & Ross, N. T. (2017) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.058 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A cAMP Sensor Based on Ligand-Dependent Protein Stabilization
Sidoli, M., Chen, L., Lu, A. J., Wandless, T. J., & Talbot, W. S. (2022) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.2c00333 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationFast friends – Ubiquitin-like modifiers as engineered fusion partners
Asimaki, E., Petriukov, K. S., Renz, C., Meister, C., & Ulrich, H. D. (2021) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sist, P., Urbani, R., Tramer, F., Bandiera, A., & Passamonti, S. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30030439 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cameron, C. D., Clark, R. M., Metts, A. M., Jiang, R. M., Scaggs, T. D., Kim, K., Sulikowski, G. A., & Plate, L. (2025) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.5c00377
Ligand recognition mechanism in genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors
Fu, Y., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2025.09.007
Recent advances in the development of tag-targeted protein degradation systems
Li, B., Lu, Y., Che, J., & Dong, X. (2026) · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1080/14756366.2026.2742479
- Authors
- Navarro, R., Chen, L.-C., Rakhit, R., & Wandless, T. J.
- Corresponding author
- Wandless, Thomas J.
- Venue
- ACS Chemical Biology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-06-06
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2101-2104
- ISSN
- 1554-8929 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-8937
- PMC
- PMC4992426
- OpenAlex
- W2409640222
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- ACS Chemical Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Division of Biological Infrastructure (1306670)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM073046)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Keywords
- UnaG, protein stability, chemical genetics, small-molecule ligands, protein degradation, protein fusion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fluorescent Dyes, Microscopy, Fluorescence, NIH 3T3 Cells, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review