Broadband High-Efficiency Half-Wave Plate: A Supercell-Based Plasmonic Metasurface Approach
Abstract
We design, fabricate, and experimentally demonstrate an ultrathin, broadband half-wave plate in the near-infrared range using a plasmonic metasurface. The simulated results show that the linear polarization conversion efficiency is over 97% with over 90% reflectance across an 800 nm bandwidth. Moreover, simulated and experimental results indicate that such broadband and high-efficiency performance is also sustained over a wide range of incident angles. To further obtain a background-free half-wave plate, we arrange such a plate as a periodic array of integrated supercells made of several plasmonic antennas with high linear polarization conversion efficiency, consequently achieving a reflection-phase gradient for the cross-polarized beam. In this design, the anomalous (cross-polarized) and the normal (copolarized) reflected beams become spatially separated, hence enabling highly efficient and robust, background-free polarization conversion along with broadband operation. Our results provide strategies for creating compact, integrated, and high-performance plasmonic circuits and devices.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Imperfections in the fabricated metasurfaces and uncertainties in the optical properties of evaporated gold relative to tabular values lead to noticeable zero-order diffraction, which is otherwise strongly suppressed in simulations.
“imperfections in the fabricated metasurfaces, together with uncertainties in the optical properties of evaporated gold with respect to tabular values[40], lead to noticeable zero-order diffraction which is, otherwise, strongly suppressed in simulations (see, e.g., Supplement 1, Fig. S1).”
From Plasmonic metagratings for simultaneous determination of Stokes parameters (2015) · cites this paper as [40]
Cites
Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction
Yu, N., Genevet, P., Kats, M. A., Aieta, F., Tetienne, J.-P., Capasso, F., & Gaburro, Z. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1210713 · Cited by 10,361 · see citing works
Flat optics with designer metasurfaces
Yu, N., & Capasso, F. (2014) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3839 · Cited by 5,984 · see citing works
Planar Photonics with Metasurfaces
Kildishev, A. V., Boltasseva, A., & Shalaev, V. M. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232009 · Cited by 3,110 · see citing works
Self-citationInfrared Perfect Absorber and Its Application As Plasmonic Sensor
Liu, N., Mesch, M., Weiss, T., Hentschel, M., & Giessen, H. W. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl9041033 · Cited by 2,842 · see citing works
Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves
Sun, S., He, Q., Xiao, S., Xu, Q., Li, X., & Zhou, L. (2012) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3292 · Cited by 2,083 · see citing works
Terahertz Metamaterials for Linear Polarization Conversion and Anomalous Refraction
Grady, N. K., Heyes, J. E., Chowdhury, D. R., Zeng, Y., Reiten, M. T., Azad, A. K., Taylor, A. J., Dalvit, D. A. R., & Chen, H. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1235399 · Cited by 2,028 · see citing works
Aieta, F., Genevet, P., Kats, M. A., Yu, N., Blanchard, R., Gaburro, Z., & Capasso, F. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl302516v · Cited by 1,806 · see citing works
Metamaterial Huygens’ Surfaces: Tailoring Wave Fronts with Reflectionless Sheets
Pfeiffer, C., & Grbic, A. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.197401 · Cited by 1,760 · see citing works
Metasurface Holograms for Visible Light
Ni, X., Kildishev, A. V., & Shalaev, V. M. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3807 · Cited by 1,513 · see citing works
Self-citationBroadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas
Ni, X., Emani, N. K., Kildishev, A. V., Boltasseva, A. E., & Shalaev, V. M. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1214686 · Cited by 1,503 · see citing works
Self-citationThree-Dimensional Optical Holography Using a Plasmonic Metasurface
Huang, L., Chen, X., Mühlenbernd, H., Zhang, H., Chen, S., Bai, B., Tan, Q., Jin, G., Cheah, K.-W., Qiu, C.-W., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3808 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
High-Efficiency Broadband Anomalous Reflection by Gradient Meta-Surfaces
Sun, S., Yang, K.-Y., Wang, C., Juan, T.-K., Chen, W. T., Liao, C. Y., He, Q., Xiao, S., Kung, W.-T., Guo, G., et al. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl3032668 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
Polarization-Controlled Tunable Directional Coupling of Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Lin, J., Mueller, J. P. B., Wang, Q., Yuan, G., Antoniou, N., Yuan, X.-C., & Capasso, F. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1233746 · Cited by 1,247 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Wang, W., Moitra, P., Kravchenko, I. I., Briggs, D. P., & Valentine, J. (2014) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl4044482 · Cited by 1,047 · cited 5× · see citing works
“the bandwidth of the response is sharply reduced with increased incident angles, limiting the practical applications of the design.(24) Their performance(24) also comes at a price of a substantially thicker device in comparison”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHigh-efficiency broadband meta-hologram with polarization-controlled dual images.
Chen, W.-T., Yang, K.-Y., Wang, C.-M., Huang, Y.-W., Sun, G., Chiang, I., Liao, C.-Y., Hsu, W.-L., Lin, H., Sun, S.-L., et al. (2014) · Nano letters (Print) · doi:10.1021/nl403811d · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Broadband Focusing Flat Mirrors Based on Plasmonic Gradient Metasurfaces
Pors, A., Nielsen, M. G., Eriksen, R. L., & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. (2013) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl304761m · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Ultra-thin, planar, Babinet-inverted plasmonic metalenses
Ni, X., Ishii, S., Kildishev, A. V., & Shalaev, V. M. (2013) · Light Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/lsa.2013.28 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, L., Chen, X., Bai, B., Tan, Q., Jin, G., Zentgraf, T., & Zhang, S. (2013) · Light: Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/lsa.2013.26 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Gap plasmon-based metasurfaces for total control of reflected light
Pors, A., Albrektsen, O., Radko, I. P., & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02155 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Tailoring the Dispersion of Plasmonic Nanorods To Realize Broadband Optical Meta-Waveplates
Zhao, Y., & Alù, A. (2013) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl304392b · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Highly flexible broadband terahertz metamaterial quarter‐wave plate
Cong, L., Xu, N., Gu, J., Singh, R., Han, J., & Zhang, W. (2014) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.201300205 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Reconciliation of generalized refraction with diffraction theory
Larouche, S., & Smith, D. R. (2012) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.37.002391 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
A negative permeability material at red light
Yuan, H.-K., Chettiar, U. K., Cai, W., Kildishev, A. V., Boltasseva, A. E., Drachev, V. P., & Shalaev, V. M. (2007) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.15.001076 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationBroadband plasmonic half-wave plates in reflection
Pors, A., Nielsen, M. G., & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. (2013) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.38.000513 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Roberts, A., & Lin, L. (2012) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.37.001820 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Pors, A., Nielsen, M. G., Valle, G. D., Willatzen, M., Albrektsen, O., & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. (2011) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.36.001626 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Optically Active Metasurface with Non-Chiral Plasmonic Nanoantennas
Shaltout, A. M., Liu, J., Shalaev, V. M., & Kildishev, A. V. (2014) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl501396d · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationDesign of ultrathin plasmonic quarter-wave plate based on period coupling
Yang, B., Ye, W.-M., Yuan, X., Zhu, Z., & Zeng, C. (2013) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.38.000679 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Helicity Multiplexed Broadband Metasurface Holograms
Wen, D., Yue, F., Li, G., Zheng, G., Chan, K., Chen, S., Chen, M., Li, K. F., Wong, P. W. H., Cheah, K. W., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9241 · Cited by 1,019 · see citing works
Colors with plasmonic nanostructures: A full-spectrum review
Song, M., Wang, D., Peana, S., Choudhury, S., Nyga, P., Kudyshev, Z. A., Yu, H., Boltasseva, A., Shalaev, V. M., & Kildishev, A. V. (2019) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.5110051 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, C.-S., Koirala, I., Gao, S., Shrestha, V. R., Lee, S.-S., & Choi, D.-Y. (2019) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.27.000667 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Plasmonic metagratings for simultaneous determination of Stokes parameters
Pors, A., Nielsen, M. G., & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. (2015) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.2.000716 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ding, F., Wang, Z., He, S., Shalaev, V. M., & Kildishev, A. V.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instruments (CN)
- Corresponding author
- He, Sailing
- Kildishev, Alexander V.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-04-13
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 4111-4119
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W1984179008
- Cited by
- 474
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 17.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet (621-2011-4620)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2012AA030402)
- Army Research Office (63133-PH (W911NF-13-1-0226))
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- China Scholarship Council (201306320012)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61178062, 61271016, 91233208)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
- Keywords
- half-wave plate, plasmonic metasurfaces, supercell, linear polarization conversion, broadband polarization conversion, near-infrared, anomalous reflection, ultrathin metasurface, polarization rotator
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
