The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Phosphorene: Synthesis, Scale-Up, and Quantitative Optical Spectroscopy
Abstract
Phosphorene, a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer of black phosphorus, has attracted considerable theoretical interest, although the experimental realization of monolayer, bilayer, and few-layer flakes has been a significant challenge. Here, we systematically survey conditions for liquid exfoliation to achieve the first large-scale production of monolayer, bilayer, and few-layer phosphorus, with exfoliation demonstrated at the 10 g scale. We describe a rapid approach for quantifying the thickness of 2D phosphorus and show that monolayer and few-layer flakes produced by our approach are crystalline and unoxidized, while air exposure leads to rapid oxidation and the production of acid. With large quantities of 2D phosphorus now available, we perform the first quantitative measurements of the material's absorption edge-which is nearly identical to the material's band gap under our experimental conditions-as a function of flake thickness. Our interpretation of the absorbance spectrum relies on an analytical method introduced in this work, allowing the accurate determination of the absorption edge in polydisperse samples of quantum-confined semiconductors. Using this method, we found that the band gap of black phosphorus increased from 0.33 ± 0.02 eV in bulk to 1.88 ± 0.24 eV in bilayers, a range that is larger than that of any other 2D material. In addition, we quantified a higher-energy optical transition (VB-1 to CB), which changes from 2.0 eV in bulk to 3.23 eV in bilayers. This work describes several methods for producing and analyzing 2D phosphorus while also yielding a class of 2D materials with unprecedented optoelectronic properties.
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Cites
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Atomically Thin MoS 2 : A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor
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Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials
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Phosphorene: An Unexplored 2D Semiconductor with a High Hole Mobility
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High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite
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Cited by
Overcoming barriers in photodynamic therapy harnessing nano-formulation strategies
Xie, J., Wang, Y., Choi, W., Jangili, P., Ge, Y., Xu, Y., Kang, J., Liu, L., Zhang, B., Xie, Z., et al. (2021) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs01370f · Cited by 522
Applications of Phosphorene and Black Phosphorus in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
Pang, J., Bachmatiuk, A., Yin, Y., Trzebicka, B., Zhao, L., Fu, L., Mendes, R. G., Gemming, T., Liu, Z., & Rummeli, M. H. (2018) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201702093 · Cited by 518
Li, B., Lai, C., Zeng, G., Huang, D., Qin, L., Zhang, M., Cheng, M., Liu, X., Yi, H., Zhou, C., et al. (2019) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201804565 · Cited by 367
Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors based on Liquid‐Exfoliated Black‐Phosphorus Nanoflakes
Hao, C., Yang, B., Wen, F., Xiang, J., Li, L., Wang, W., Zeng, Z., Xu, B., Zhao, Z., Liu, Z., et al. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201505730 · Cited by 339
Chen, P., Li, N., Chen, X., Ong, W.-J., & Zhao, X. (2017) · 2D Materials · doi:10.1088/2053-1583/aa8d37 · Cited by 283
Metadata
- Authors
- Woomer, A. H., Farnsworth, T. W., Hu, J., Wells, R. A., Donley, C. L., & Warren, S. C.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-08-21
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 8869-8884
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W222089771
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 68
- FWCI
- 26.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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