The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Low-Temperature Molten-Salt-Assisted Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Abstract
A novel and environmentally friendly process for utilizing spent lithium-ion batteries based on salt roasting is proposed. The separated cathode material is roasted with NH 4 Cl as a fluxing agent. During this process, Li and Co are converted to chlorides due to the release of HCl and NH 3 from the reaction of NH 4 Cl, with LiCoO 2 . These chloride salts are readily soluble in water. The reaction parameters, including roasting temperature, time, and LiCoO 2 /NH 4 Cl mass ratio, were investigated in detail. The results showed that more than 99% Co and Li were recovered under optimum conditions: temperature of 350 °C, reaction time of 20 min, and a LiCoO 2 /NH 4 Cl mass ratio of 1:2. A possible reaction mechanism between LiCoO 2 and NH 4 Cl is proposed based on thermodynamic, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The treatment of other spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials, such as LiMn 2 O 4 and LiCo 1/3 Mn 1/3 Ni 1/3 O 2, verified the effectiveness of the method for recovering the valuable metals.
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Citations
Cites
Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries
Zhang, X., Li, L., Fan, E., Xue, Q., Bian, Y., Wu, F., & Chen, R. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c8cs00297e · Cited by 1,038
Self-citationRecycled Lithium from Simulated Pyrometallurgical Slag by Chlorination Roasting
Dang, H., Wang, B., Chang, Z., Wu, X., Feng, J., Zhou, H., Li, W., & Sun, C. (2018) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02713 · Cited by 216
Cited by
Neumann, J., Petranikova, M., Meeus, M., Gamarra, J. D., Younesi, R., Winter, M., & Nowak, S. (2022) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202102917 · Cited by 805
Mao, J., Ye, C., Zhang, S., Xie, F., Zeng, R., Davey, K., Guo, Z., & Qiao, S. (2022) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d2ee00162d · Cited by 365
Recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries: Status, technologies, challenges, and prospects
Wang, M., Liu, K., Dutta, S., Alessi, D. S., Rinklebe, J., Ok, Y. S., & Tsang, D. C. W. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112515 · Cited by 361
Critical Review of Lithium Recovery Methods: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions
Jose, S. A., Stoll, J. L., Smith, T., Jackson, C., Dieleman, T., Leath, E., Eastwood, N., & Menezes, P. L. (2024) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr12102203 · Cited by 57
Metadata
- Authors
- Fan, E., Li, L., Lin, J., Wu, J., Yang, J., Wu, F., & Chen, R.
- Venue
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-08-26
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 16144-16150
- ISSN
- 2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2970062697
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 8.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Fan, E., Li, L., Lin, J., Wu, J., Yang, J., Wu, F., & Chen, R. (2019). Low-Temperature Molten-Salt-Assisted Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03054
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