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Vibrational Stark Effects Calibrate the Sensitivity of Vibrational Probes for Electric Fields in Proteins

Suydam, Ian T., Boxer, Steven G.·2003·Biochemistry

Abstract

Infrared spectroscopy is widely used to probe local environments and dynamics in proteins. The introduction of a unique vibration at a specific site of a protein or more complex assembly offers many advantages over observing the spectra of an unmodified protein. We have previously shown that infrared frequency shifts in proteins can arise from differences in the local electric field at the probe vibration. Thus, vibrational frequencies can be used to map electric fields in proteins at many sites or to measure the change in electric field due to a perturbation. The Stark tuning rate gives the sensitivity of a vibrational frequency to an electric field, and for it to be useful, the Stark tuning rate should be as large as possible. Vibrational Stark effect spectroscopy provides a direct measurement of the Stark tuning rate and allows a quantitative interpretation of frequency shifts. We present vibrational Stark spectra of several bond types, extending our work on nitriles and carbonyls and characterizing four additional bond types (carbon-fluorine, carbon-deuterium, azide, and nitro bonds) that are potential probes for electric fields in proteins. The measured Stark tuning rates, peak positions, and extinction coefficients provide the primary information needed to design amino acid analogues or labels to act as probes of local environments in proteins.

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Metadata

Authors
Suydam, I. T., & Boxer, S. G.
Venue
Biochemistry
Published
2003-09-26
Volume
42
Issue
41
Pages
12050-12055
ISSN
  • 0006-2960 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-4995
OpenAlex
W2136751388
Cited by
262
References
20
FWCI
3.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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