Possible Role of Liver Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Acetaldehyde Metabolism
Abstract
To provide a molecular basis for understanding the possible mechanism of action of antidipsotropic agents in laboratory animals, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes were purified and characterized from the livers of hamsters and rats and compared with those from humans. The mitochondrial ALDHs from these species exhibit virtually identical kinetic properties in the oxidation and hydrolysis reactions. However, the cytosolic ALDH of human origin differs significantly from those of the rodents. Thus, for human ALDH-1, the Km value for acetaldehyde is 180 +/- 10 micromolar, whereas those for hamster ALDH-1 and rat ALDH-1 are 12 +/- 3 and 15 +/- 3 micromolar, respectively. Km values determined at pH 9.5 are virtually identical to those measured at pH 7.5. In vitro human ALDH-1 is 10 times less sensitive to disulfiram inhibition than are the hamster and rat cytosolic ALDHs. Competition between acetaldehyde and aromatic aldehydes or naphthaldehydes for the binding and catalytic sites of ALDHs shows their topography to be complex with more than one binding site. This also follows from data on substrate inhibition and activation, effects of NAD+ on ALDH-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters, substrate specificity toward aldehydes and p-nitrophenyl esters, and inhibition by disulfiram in relation to oxidation and hydrolysis catalyzed by the ALDHs. The data further suggest that acetaldehyde cannot be considered as a "standard" ALDH substrate for studies aimed at aromatic ALDH substrates, e.g. biogenic aldehydes. Apparently, in human liver, only mitochondrial ALDH oxidizes acetaldehyde at physiological concentrations, whereas in hamster or rat liver, both the mitochondrial and cytosolic isozymes will do so.
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Acetaldehyde is converted to acetate by mitochondrial ALDH2 in humans, and CYP2E1 also takes part in this step with NADPH as a cofactor.
“In the second step, acetaldehyde is converted to acetate due to the low km (for acetaldehyde) mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 isozyme (ALDH2) in humans145.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [145]
ALDH1B and other isoforms may be involved in acetaldehyde metabolism in rodents.
“In contrast, ALDH1B and other isoforms may be involved in acetaldehyde metabolism in rodents145,147,163.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [145]
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- Authors
- Klyosov, A. A., Rashkovetsky, L. G., Tahir, M. K., & Keung, W.-M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Biochemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 1996-01-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 4445-4456
- ISSN
- 0006-2960 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-4995
- OpenAlex
- W2051964656
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme function and inhibition
- Keywords
- aldehyde dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde metabolism, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, substrate specificity, substrate inhibition, substrate activation, NAD+, hamster liver, rat liver, human liver
- MeSH terms
- Acetaldehyde, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Animals, Binding Sites, Cytosol, Disulfiram, Enzyme Inhibitors, Cricetinae, Humans, Isoenzymes, Kinetics, Liver, Male, Mesocricetus, Mitochondria, Liver, Species Specificity, Substrate Specificity, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
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