The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lignin Esters for Use in Unsaturated Thermosets: Lignin Modification and Solubility Modeling
Abstract
Kraft lignins from hardwood and softwood were esterified with several anhydrides to alter their solubility behavior in nonpolar solvents, such as styrene-containing thermoset resins. The esterification reaction was facile, it reduced the amount of waste products, and can be readily scaled up. Increasing the carbon chain length on the ester group improved the solubility of kraft lignin in nonpolar solvents, with butyrated lignin being completely soluble in styrene. Esterification with unsaturated groups such as methacrylic anhydride, improved the solubility to a lesser extent than the saturated analogues. The solubility behavior of the modified lignin was described using the Flory-Huggins solubility theory, combined with the predictive method of Hoy. The main goal to obtain a styrene soluble kraft lignin that could be used in unsaturated polyesters and vinyl esters was achieved with fully butyrated kraft lignin and a butyrated/methacrylated kraft lignin. The solubility of the latter is governed by the butyrate/methacrylate ratio. The reaction rate constants for the butyration and methacrylation reactions were also determined and the aromatic hydroxyl groups were found to be consistently three times more reactive than the aliphatic ones.
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Cites
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Cited by
Chemical modification of lignins: Towards biobased polymers
Laurichesse, S., & Avérous, L. (2014) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.11.004 · Cited by 2,058
Environmentally degradable, high-performance thermoplastics from phenolic phytomonomers
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pH-Responsive Lignin-Based Nanomicelles for Oral Drug Delivery
Cheng, L., Deng, B., Luo, W., Nie, S., Liu, X., Yin, Y., Liu, S., Wu, Z., Zhan, P., Zhang, L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08171 · Cited by 77
Metadata
- Authors
- Thielemans, W., & Wool, R. P.
- Venue
- Biomacromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2005-06-07
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1895-1905
- ISSN
- 1525-7797 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4602
- OpenAlex
- W2054677497
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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