Catalytic Activity in Organic Solvents and Stability of Immobilized Enzymes Depend on the Pore Size and Surface Characteristics of Mesoporous Silica

Abstract

An enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was adsorbed in the manner of the single immersion method on the silica mesoporous materials FSM-16, MCM-41, and SBA-15 with various pore diameters from 27 to 92 Å, and their enzymatic activities in an organic solvent and the thermal stabilities were studied. FSM-16 and MCM-41 showed a larger amount of adsorption of HRP than SBA-15 or silica gel when the pore sizes were larger than the 50 Å. The increased enzyme adsorption capacity may be due to the surface characteristics of FSM-16 and MCM-41, which would be consistent with the observed larger adsorption capacity of cationic pigment compared with anionic pigment for these materials. The immobilized HRP on FSM-16 and MCM-41 with pore diameter 50 Å showed the highest enzymatic activity in an organic toluene and thermal stability in aqueous solution at the temperature of 70 °C. The immobilized enzymes on the other mesoporous materials including large or small pore sized FSM-16 showed lower enzymatic activity in an organic solvent and thermal stability. Both surface character and size matching between pore sizes and the molecular diameters of HRP were important in achieving high enzymatic activity in organic solvent and high thermal stability.