Chemical Loading into Surface Water along a Hydrological, Biogeochemical, and Land Use Gradient: A Holistic Watershed Approach
Abstract
Identifying the sources and impacts of organic and inorganic contaminants at the watershed scale is a complex challenge because of the multitude of processes occurring in time and space. Investigation of geochemical transformations requires a systematic evaluation of hydrologic, landscape, and anthropogenic factors. The 1160 km2 Boulder Creek Watershed in the Colorado Front Range encompasses a gradient of geology, ecotypes, climate, and urbanization. Streamflow originates primarily as snowmelt and shows substantial annual variation. Water samples were collected along a 70-km transect during spring-runoff and base-flow conditions, and analyzed for major elements, trace elements, bulk organics, organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs), and pesticides. Major-element and trace-element concentrations were low in the headwaters, increased through the urban corridor, and had a step increase downstream from the first major wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Boron, gadolinium, and lithium were useful inorganic tracers of anthropogenic inputs. Effluent from the WWTP accounted for as much as 75% of the flow in Boulder Creek and was the largest chemical input. Under both hydrological conditions, OWCs and pesticides were detected in Boulder Creek downstream from the WWTP outfall as well as in the headwater region, and loads of anthropogenic-derived contaminants increased as basin population density increased. This report documents a suite of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals in a reach of stream with native fish populations showing indication of endocrine disruption.
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Optical brighteners are fluorescent chemical agents used to whiten and brighten materials, and their removal during STP treatment varies by compound.
“Optical brighteners are fluorescent chemical agents used to whiten and brighten materials, and their removal during STP treatment varies by compound.56,57”
Optical brighteners can be useful anthropogenic tracers for effluent in streams.
“Therefore, optical brighteners can be useful anthropogenic tracers for effluent in streams.57”
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An approach for assessing cumulative effects in a model river, the Athabasca River basin
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Potential for 4-n-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments
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Self-citationEffects of an Extreme Flood on Trace Elements in River Water-From Urban Stream to Major River Basin
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Self-citationLithium occurrence in drinking water sources of the United States
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Watershed-Scale Risk to Aquatic Organisms from Complex Chemical Mixtures in the Shenandoah River.
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Self-citationLagrangian Mass-Flow Investigations of Inorganic Contaminants in Wastewater-Impacted Streams
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Gaps in Water Quality Modeling of Hydrologic Systems
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State of the watershed: Water quality of Boulder Creek, Colorado
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Methods for evaluating in-stream attenuation of trace organic compounds
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Quantifying the effects of stream channels on storm water quality in a semi-arid urban environment
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- Authors
- Barber, L. B., Murphy, S. F., Verplanck, P. L., Sandstrom, M. W., Taylor, H. E., & Furlong, E. T.
- Affiliations
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barber, Larry B.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2005-12-13
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 475-486
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W1993141390
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Geological Survey
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Quality and Resources Studies
- Keywords
- surface water contamination, urban-rural gradient, wastewater treatment plant effluent, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, anthropogenic tracers, boron, gadolinium, lithium, major elements, trace elements, baseflow, snowmelt, land use, native fish
- MeSH terms
- Colorado, Geology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Geological Phenomena
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