The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Forging the Anthropogenic Iron Cycle
Abstract
Metallurgical iron cycles are characterized for four anthropogenic life stages: production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management and recycling. This analysis is conducted for year 2000 and at three spatial levels: 68 countries and territories, nine world regions, and the planet. Findings include the following: (1) contemporary iron cycles are basically open and substantially dependent on environmental sources and sinks; (2) Asia leads the world regions in iron production and use; Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Commonwealth of Independent States present a highly production-biased iron cycle; (3) purchased scrap contributes a quarter of the global iron and steel production; (4) iron exiting use is three times less than that entering use; (5) about 45% of global iron entering use is devoted to construction, 24% is devoted to transport equipment, and 20% goes to industrial machinery; (6) with respect to international trade of iron ore, iron and steel products, and scrap, 54 out of the 68 countries are net iron importers, while only 14 are net exporters; (7) global iron discharges in tailings, slag, and landfill approximate one-third of the iron mined. Overall, these results provide a foundation for studies of iron-related resource policy, industrial development, and waste and environmental management.
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Self-citationMetabolism of the Anthroposphere
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Multilevel Cycle of Anthropogenic Copper
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Self-citationExploring the engine of anthropogenic iron cycles
Müller, D. B., Wang, T., Duval, B., & Graedel, T. E. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0603375103 · Cited by 273
Self-citation(1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-04151-5 · Cited by 199
ELEMENTAL CYCLES: A Status Report on Human or Natural Dominance
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Haas, W., Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D., & Heinz, M. (2015) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12244 · Cited by 1,154
Material efficiency: A white paper
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Mayer, A., Haas, W., Wiedenhofer, D., Krausmann, F., Nuss, P., & Blengini, G. A. (2019) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12809 · Cited by 339
Steel all over the world: Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries
Pauliuk, S., Wang, T., & Müller, D. B. (2013) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.11.008 · Cited by 279
Self-citationMapping the global flow of steel: From steelmaking to end-use goods
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, T., Müller, D. B., & Graedel, T. E.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2007-06-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 5120-5129
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2093154430
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 13.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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