The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents
Open accessAbstract
Facilities involved in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products are an under-investigated source of pharmaceuticals to the environment. Between 2004 and 2009, 35 to 38 effluent samples were collected from each of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in New York and analyzed for seven pharmaceuticals including opioids and muscle relaxants. Two WWTPs (NY2 and NY3) receive substantial flows (>20% of plant flow) from pharmaceutical formulation facilities (PFF) and one (NY1) receives no PFF flow. Samples of effluents from 23 WWTPs across the United States were analyzed once for these pharmaceuticals as part of a national survey. Maximum pharmaceutical effluent concentrations for the national survey and NY1 effluent samples were generally <1 microg/L. Four pharmaceuticals (methadone, oxycodone, butalbital, and metaxalone) in samples of NY3 effluent had median concentrations ranging from 3.4 to >400 microg/L. Maximum concentrations of oxycodone (1700 microg/L) and metaxalone (3800 microg/L) in samples from NY3 effluent exceeded 1000 microg/L. Three pharmaceuticals (butalbital, carisoprodol, and oxycodone) in samples of NY2 effluent had median concentrations ranging from 2 to 11 microg/L. These findings suggest that current manufacturing practices at these PFFs can result in pharmaceuticals concentrations from 10 to 1000 times higher than those typically found in WWTP effluents.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Thurman, E. M., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., & Buxton, H. T. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es011055j · Cited by 7,953
Self-citationEffluent from drug manufactures contains extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals
Larsson, D. G. J., de Pedro, C., & Paxeus, N. (2007) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.008 · Cited by 1,612
Kim, S. D., Cho, J., Kim, I. S., Vanderford, B. J., & Snyder, S. A. (2007) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.034 · Cited by 1,394
The occurrence of antibiotics in an urban watershed: From wastewater to drinking water
Watkinson, A. J., Murby, E. J., Kolpin, D. W., & Costanzo, S. D. (2009) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.059 · Cited by 1,198
Self-citationContamination of surface, ground, and drinking water from pharmaceutical production
Fick, J., Söderström, H., Lindberg, R. H., Phan, C., Tysklind, M., & Larsson, D. G. J. (2009) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/09-073.1 · Cited by 1,113
Clara, M., Strenn, B., Gans, O., Martinez, E., Kreuzinger, N., & Kroiss, H. (2005) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.09.015 · Cited by 975
Gros, M., Petrović, M., Ginebreda, A., & Barceló, D. (2010) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2009.09.002 · Cited by 903
Glassmeyer, S. T., Furlong, E. T., Kolpin, D. W., Cahill, J. D., Zaugg, S. D., Werner, S. L., Meyer, M. T., & Kryak, D. D. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es048120k · Cited by 708
Self-citationInvestigating the environmental transport of human pharmaceuticals to streams in the United Kingdom
Ashton, D., Hilton, M., & Thomas, K. V. (2004) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.062 · Cited by 689
Schultz, M. M., Furlong, E. T., Kolpin, D. W., Werner, S. L., Schoenfuss, H. L., Barber, L. B., Blazer, V. S., Norris, D. O., & Vajda, A. M. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es9022706 · Cited by 537
Self-citation
Cited by
Patel, M., Kumar, R., Kishor, K., Mlsna, T., Pittman, C. U., & Mohan, D. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00299 · Cited by 2,654
Homogeneous photo-Fenton processes at near neutral pH: A review
Clarizia, L., Russo, D., Di Somma, I., Marotta, R., & Andreozzi, R. (2017) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.03.011 · Cited by 833
Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
Wang, F., Xiang, L., Sze-Yin Leung, K., Elsner, M., Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Pan, B., Sun, H., An, T., Ying, G., et al. (2024) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100612 · Cited by 639
Ecological effects of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems—impacts through behavioural alterations
Brodin, T., Piovano, S., Fick, J., Klaminder, J., Heynen, M., & Jonsson, M. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0580 · Cited by 499
Wastewater-based epidemiology biomarkers: Past, present and future
Choi, P. M., Tscharke, B. J., Donner, E., O'Brien, J. W., Grant, S. C., Kaserzon, S. L., Mackie, R., O'Malley, E., Crosbie, N. D., Thomas, K. V., et al. (2018) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.004 · Cited by 486
Metadata
- Authors
- Phillips, P. J., Smith, S. G., Kolpin, D. W., Zaugg, S. D., Buxton, H. T., Furlong, E. T., Esposito, K., & Stinson, B.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-06-04
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 4910-4916
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2079103904
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 19.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/es100356f
- The paper
- Phillips, P. J., Smith, S. G., Kolpin, D. W., Zaugg, S. D., Buxton, H. T., Furlong, E. T., Esposito, K., & Stinson, B. (2010). Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es100356f
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
