The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Azole Fungicides: Occurrence and Fate in Wastewater and Surface Waters
Abstract
The mode of action of azole compounds implies a potential to affect endocrine systems of different organisms and is reason for environmental concern. The occurrence and fate of nine agricultural azole fungicides, some of them also used as biocides, and four azole pharmaceuticals were studied in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and lakes in Switzerland. Two pharmaceuticals (fluconazole, clotrimazole, 10-110 ng L(-1)) and two biocides (propiconazole, tebuconazole, 1-30 ng L(-1)) were consistently observed in WWTP influents. Loads determined in untreated and treated wastewater indicated thatfluconazole, propiconazole, and tebuconazole were largely unaffected by wastewater treatment, but clotrimazole was effectively eliminated (> 80%). Incubation studies with activated sludge showed no degradation for fluconazole and clotrimazole within 24 h, but strong sorption of clotrimazole to activated sludge. Slow degradation and some sorption were observed for tebuconazole and propiconazole (degradation half-lives, 2-3 d). In lakes, fluconazole, propiconazole, and tebuconazole were detected at low nanogram-per-liter levels. Concentrations of the pharmaceutical fluconazole correlated with the expected contamination by domestic wastewater, but not those of the biocides. Per capita loads of propiconazole and tebuconazole in lakes suggested additional inputs; for example, from agricultural use or urban runoff rainwater.
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Caffeine, an Anthropogenic Marker for Wastewater Contamination of Surface Waters
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Self-citationZarn, J. A., Brüschweiler, B. J., & Schlatter, J. R. (2003) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.5785 · Cited by 482
Pesticides in stream water within an agricultural catchment in southern Sweden, 1990–1996
Kreuger, J. (1998) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00155-7 · Cited by 364
The occurrence of selected human pharmaceutical compounds in UK estuaries
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Cited by
Luo, Y., Guo, W., Ngo, H. H., Nghiem, L. D., Hai, F. I., Zhang, J., Liang, S., & Wang, X. C. (2014) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.065 · Cited by 3,983
Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class?
Zubrod, J. P., Bundschuh, M., Arts, G., Brühl, C. A., Imfeld, G., Knäbel, A., Payraudeau, S., Rasmussen, J. J., Rohr, J., Scharmüller, A., et al. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b04392 · Cited by 818
Saleh, I. A., Zouari, N., & Al-Ghouti, M. A. (2020) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101026 · Cited by 728
Environmental toxicology and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater
Escher, B. I., Baumgartner, R., Koller, M., Treyer, K., Lienert, J., & McArdell, C. S. (2011) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.019 · Cited by 531
Occurrence and Behavior of Pesticides in Wastewater Treatment Plants and Their Environmental Impact
Köck-Schulmeyer, M., Villagrasa, M., López de Alda, M., Céspedes-Sánchez, R., Ventura, F., & Barceló, D. (2013) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.010 · Cited by 410
Metadata
- Authors
- Kahle, M., Buerge, I. J., Hauser, A., Müller, M. D., & Poiger, T.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2008-08-27
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 7193-7200
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2035036582
- Cited by
- 451
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 11.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Azole Fungicides: Occurrence and Fate in Wastewater and Surface Waters. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/es8009309
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- Kahle, M., Buerge, I. J., Hauser, A., Müller, M. D., & Poiger, T. (2008). Azole Fungicides: Occurrence and Fate in Wastewater and Surface Waters. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es8009309
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
