The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Alternate and New Brominated Flame Retardants Detected in U.S. House Dust
Abstract
Due to the voluntary withdrawals and/or bans on the use of two polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) commercial mixtures, an increasing number of alternate flame retardant chemicals are being introduced in commercial applications. To determine if these alternate BFRs are present in indoor environments, we analyzed dust samples collected from 19 homes in the greater Boston, MA area during 2006. Using pure and commercial standards we quantified the following brominated flame retardant chemicals using GC/ECNI-MS methods: hexabromocyclododecane (sigma HBCD), bis(2,4,6,-tribromphenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and the brominated components found in Firemaster 550 (FM 550): 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and (2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), the latter compound being a brominated analogue of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). The concentrations of all compounds were log-normally distributed and the largest range in concentrations was observed for HBCD (sum of all isomers), with concentrations ranging from <4.5 ng/g to a maximum of 130,200 ng/g with a median value of 230 ng/g. BTBPE ranged from 1.6 to 789 ng/g with a median value of 30 ng/g and DBDPE ranged from <10.0 to 11,070 ng/g with a median value of 201 ng/g. Of the FM 550 components, TBB ranged from <6.6 to 15,030 ng/g with a median value of 133 ng/g; whereas TBPH ranged from 1.5 to 10,630 ng/g with a median value of 142 ng/g. Furthermore, the ratio of TBB/TBPH present in the dust samples ranged from 0.05 to 50 (average 4.4), varying considerably from the ratio observed in the FM 550 commercial mixture (4:1 by mass), suggesting different sources with different chemical compositions, and/or differential fate and transport within the home. Analysis of paired dust samples collected from different rooms in the same home suggests HBCD, TBB, and TBPH are higher in dust from the main living area compared to dust collected in bedrooms; however, BTBPE and DBDPE levels were comparable between rooms. This study highlights the fact that numerous types of brominated flame retardants are present in indoor environments, raising questions about exposure to mixtures of these contaminants.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Brominated flame retardants: cause for concern?
Birnbaum, L. S., & Staskal, D. F. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6559 · Cited by 1,702
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Environment and in People: A Meta-Analysis of Concentrations
Hites, R. A. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es035082g · Cited by 1,503
Levels and trends of brominated flame retardants in the European environment
Law, R. J., Allchin, C. R., de Boer, J., Covaci, A., Herzke, D., Lepom, P., Morris, S., Tronczynski, J., & de Wit, C. A. (2006) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.007 · Cited by 839
Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in the Environment and Humans: A Review
Covaci, A., Gerecke, A. C., Law, R. J., Voorspoels, S., Kohler, M., Heeb, N. V., Leslie, H., Allchin, C. R., & de Boer, J. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0602492 · Cited by 792
SJODIN, A. (2003) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(03)00108-9 · Cited by 523
Levels and trends of brominated flame retardants in the Arctic
de Wit, C. A., Alaee, M., & Muir, D. C. G. (2006) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.029 · Cited by 487
Zhou, T. (2001) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/61.1.76 · Cited by 480
Wu, N., Herrmann, T., Paepke, O., Tickner, J., Hale, R., Harvey, E., La Guardia, M., McClean, M. D., & Webster, T. F. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0620282 · Cited by 464
Self-citationIkonomou, M. G., Rayne, S., & Addison, R. F. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es011401x · Cited by 427
Law, K., Halldorson, T., Danell, R., Stern, G., Gewurtz, S., Alaee, M., Marvin, C., Whittle, M., & Tomy, G. (2006) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/05-500r.1 · Cited by 328
Cited by
Detection of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Furniture Foam and U.S. House Dust
Stapleton, H. M., Klosterhaus, S., Eagle, S., Fuh, J., Meeker, J. D., Blum, A., & Webster, T. F. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es9014019 · Cited by 766
Self-citationMeeker, J. D., & Stapleton, H. M. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901332 · Cited by 696
Self-citationHalogenated Flame Retardants: Do the Fire Safety Benefits Justify the Risks?
Shaw, S. (2010) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh.2010.25.4.261 · Cited by 599
Dodson, R. E., Perovich, L. J., Covaci, A., Van den Eede, N., Ionas, A. C., Dirtu, A. C., Brody, J. G., & Rudel, R. A. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es303879n · Cited by 530
Identifying New Persistent and Bioaccumulative Organics Among Chemicals in Commerce
Howard, P. H., & Muir, D. C. G. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es903383a · Cited by 431
Dishaw, L. V., Powers, C. M., Ryde, I. T., Roberts, S. C., Seidler, F. J., Slotkin, T. A., & Stapleton, H. M. (2011) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.005 · Cited by 393
Self-citationButt, C. M., Congleton, J., Hoffman, K., Fang, M., & Stapleton, H. M. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es5025299 · Cited by 320
Self-citationMarvin, C. H., Tomy, G. T., Armitage, J. M., Arnot, J. A., McCarty, L., Covaci, A., & Palace, V. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es201548c · Cited by 313
Harrad, S., de Wit, C. A., Abdallah, M. A.-E., Bergh, C., Björklund, J. A., Covaci, A., Darnerud, P. O., de Boer, J., Diamond, M., Huber, S., et al. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es903476t · Cited by 300
Self-citationBrominated flame retardants – Exposure and risk assessment for the general population
Fromme, H., Becher, G., Hilger, B., & Völkel, W. (2016) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.08.004 · Cited by 277
Patisaul, H. B., Roberts, S. C., Mabrey, N., McCaffrey, K. A., Gear, R. B., Braun, J., Belcher, S. M., & Stapleton, H. M. (2013) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.21439 · Cited by 265
Self-citationAli, N., Ali, L., Mehdi, T., Dirtu, A. C., Al-Shammari, F., Neels, H., & Covaci, A. (2013) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.001 · Cited by 258
Organic Contamination of Settled House Dust, A Review for Exposure Assessment Purposes
Mercier, F., Glorennec, P., Thomas, O., & Bot, B. L. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es200925h · Cited by 255
Rock, K. D., St Armour, G., Horman, B., Phillips, A., Ruis, M., Stewart, A. K., Jima, D., Muddiman, D. C., Stapleton, H. M., & Patisaul, H. B. (2020) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfaa046 · Cited by 69
Self-citationZhu, H., Al-Bazi, M. M., Kumosani, T. A., & Kannan, K. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00221 · Cited by 60
Hawkey, A. B., Evans, J., Holloway, Z. R., Pippen, E., Jarrett, O., Kenou, B., Slotkin, T. A., Seidler, F. J., & Levin, E. D. (2023) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.2125 · Cited by 14
Krentzel, A. A., Kimble, L. C., Dorris, D. M., Horman, B. M., Meitzen, J., & Patisaul, H. B. (2021) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105019 · Cited by 14
Marinello, W. P., Gillera, S. E. A., Han, Y., Richardson, J. R., St Armour, G., Horman, B. M., & Patisaul, H. B. (2023) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2023.112041 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Stapleton, H. M., Allen, J. G., Kelly, S. M., Konstantinov, A., Klosterhaus, S., Watkins, D., McClean, M. D., & Webster, T. F.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2008-07-23
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 6910-6916
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2061245238
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 19.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
