The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Partial Oxidation (“Aging”) and Surface Modification Decrease the Toxicity of Nanosized Zerovalent Iron
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a "redox"-active nanomaterial used in the remediation of contaminated groundwater. To assess the effect of "aging" and surface modification on its potential neurotoxicity, cultured rodent microglia (BV2) and neurons (N27) were exposed to fresh nZVI, "aged" (>11 months) nZVI, magnetite, and polyaspartate surface-modified (SM) nZVI. Increases in various measures of oxidative stress indicated that BV2 microglia responded to these materials in the following rank order: nZVI > "aged" nZVI > magnetite = SM nZVI. Fresh nZVI produced morphological evidence of mitochondrial swelling and apoptosis. In N27 neurons, ATP levels were reduced in the following rank order: nZVI > SM-nZVI > "aged" nZVI = magnetite. Ultrastructurally, nZVI produced a perinuclear floccular material and cytoplasmic granularity. Both SM-nZVI produced intracellular deposits of nanosize particles in the N27. The physicochemical properties of each material, measured under exposure conditions, indicated that all had electronegative zeta potentials. The iron content of nZVI (approximately 35%) and SM-nZVI (approximately 25%) indicated high "redox" activity while that of "aged" and magnetite was neglibile. Sedimentation and agglomeration occurred in the following rank order: nZV > "aged" nZVI > magnetite >> SM-nZVI. Correlating these properties with toxicity indicated that partial or complete oxidation of nZVI reduced its "redox" activity, agglomeration, sedimentation rate, and toxicity to mammalian cells. Surface modification decreased nZVI toxicity by reducing sedimentation which limited particle exposure to the cells.
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Citations
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Cited by
Nanoparticle Aggregation: Challenges to Understanding Transport and Reactivity in the Environment
Hotze, E. M., Phenrat, T., & Lowry, G. V. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0462 · Cited by 1,257
Self-citationNanoscale zero-valent iron: Future prospects for an emerging water treatment technology
Crane, R. A., & Scott, T. B. (2012) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.073 · Cited by 1,154
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Magnetic nanoparticles: Essential factors for sustainable environmental applications
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Metadata
- Authors
- Phenrat, T., Long, T. C., Lowry, G. V., & Veronesi, B.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2008-11-26
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 195-200
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2041742565
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 52
- FWCI
- 10.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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