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Cited by 1,556Cellular transport and secretionCaveolin-1 and cellular processesAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis

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Mayor, Satyajit, Pagano, Richard E.·2007·Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
DOI 10.1038/nrm2216PMC PMC7617177
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Abstract

There are numerous ways that endocytic cargo molecules may be internalized from the surface of eukaryotic cells. In addition to the classical clathrin-dependent mechanism of endocytosis, several pathways that do not use a clathrin coat are emerging. These pathways transport a diverse array of cargoes and are sometimes hijacked by bacteria and viruses to gain access to the host cell. Here, we review our current understanding of various clathrin-independent mechanisms of endocytosis and propose a classification scheme to help organize the data in this complex and evolving field.

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  • Non-caveolin pathways are dependent upon various molecules, including DNM2/Dynamin-2, cholesterol, tyrosine kinase, small GTPases, and non-caveolar lipid rafts.

    “These pathways are dependent upon various molecules, including DNM2/Dynamin-2, cholesterol, tyrosine kinase, small GTPases, and non-caveolar lipid rafts [89].”

    From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [89]

    The “Dynamin-dependent CI pathways” section describes a non-caveolar RhoA pathway inhibited by dominant-negative dynamin, while “Dynamin-independent CI pathways” describes pathways involving small GTPases. The review also reports cholesterol sensitivity in a CDC42 pathway, but does not establish that non-caveolin pathways generally depend on DNM2, tyrosine kinase, and non-caveolar lipid rafts; its explicit tyrosine-kinase-dependent example concerns caveolar uptake. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Numerous ion channels are found in lipid rafts and caveolae, and human diseases are associated with their altered spatial distribution.

    “Numerous IChs are found in lipid rafts and caveolae, and human diseases are associated with their altered spatial distribution [89].”

    From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [89]

    The ‘Dynamin-dependent CI pathways’ section describes caveolae as enriched in lipids, signalling proteins and GPI-anchored proteins, but does not identify ion channels. The ‘Membrane composition and caveolar endocytosis’ section discusses changes in membrane organization, not diseases associated with altered ion-channel distribution. Searches for ‘ion channels’ and ‘human diseases altered spatial distribution’ found no passage addressing the claim; page numbers were unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Authors
Mayor, S., & Pagano, R. E.
Affiliations
  • National Centre for Biological Sciences (IN)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
ORCID
Mayor, Satyajit
Venue
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2007-08
Volume
8
Issue
8
Pages
603-612
ISSN
  • 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0080
DOI
10.1038/nrm2216
PMC
PMC7617177
OpenAlex
W2015704490
Cited by
1,556
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 101 · 2012: 114
FWCI
7.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust (056727)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
clathrin-independent endocytosis, endocytic pathway, dynamin-independent endocytosis, receptor internalization, lipid uptake, pathogen entry, viral entry, bacterial invasion, membrane budding
MeSH terms
Animals, Bacteria, Biological Transport, Active, Clathrin, Endocytosis, Eukaryotic Cells, Humans, Viruses, Virus Internalization

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