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Occurrence of the Pharmaceutical Drug Clofibric Acid and the Herbicide Mecoprop in Various Swiss Lakes and in the North Sea
Abstract
Clofibric acid (CA) and the herbicide mecoprop (MCPP) were detected in Swiss lakes from populated areas and in the North Sea in the low nanograms per liter range. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and MS/MS were used to distinguish the two isomeric compounds (analyzed as the methyl esters). The concentrations of CA in the North Sea (1−2 ng/L) reach levels of those of “classical” environmental pollutants such as α- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane. The data suggest a high mobility of CA in the aquatic environment. The changed relative concentrations of CA and MCPP in the North Sea as compared to those in the lakes and in comparison to produc tion figures indicate a much more persistent behavior for CA than for MCPP. The data also indicate that some pharmaceutical compounds need evaluation on ecotoxicological grounds in very much the same way as do agricultural chemicals.
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Cited by
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change?
Daughton, C. G., & Ternes, T. A. (1999) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s6907 · Cited by 4,705
Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals
Fent, K., Weston, A. A., & Caminada, D. (2006) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.009 · Cited by 3,223
Heberer, T. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00041-3 · Cited by 2,995
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment
Ebele, A. J., Abou-Elwafa Abdallah, M., & Harrad, S. (2017) · Emerging Contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2016.12.004 · Cited by 2,023
Pharmaceuticals in STP effluents and their solar photodegradation in aquatic environment
Andreozzi, R., Raffaele, M., & Nicklas, P. (2003) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00769-5 · Cited by 1,312
Aquatic ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals including the assessment of combination effects
Cleuvers, M. (2003) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00068-7 · Cited by 990
Occurrence and Fate of Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
Monteiro, S. C., & Boxall, A. B. A. (2010) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1157-5_2 · Cited by 451
Aquatic ecotoxicology of fluoxetine
Brooks, B. W., Foran, C. M., Richards, S. M., Weston, J., Turner, P. K., Stanley, J. K., Solomon, K. R., Slattery, M., & La Point, T. W. (2003) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00066-3 · Cited by 443
The occurrence of selected human pharmaceutical compounds in UK estuaries
Thomas, K. V., & Hilton, M. J. (2004) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.028 · Cited by 325
Biodegradability properties of sulfonamides in activated sludge
Ingerslev, F., & Halling-Sørensen, B. (2000) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5620191011 · Cited by 306
Molinari, R., Pirillo, F., Loddo, V., & Palmisano, L. (2006) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2005.11.091 · Cited by 271
Standley, L. J., Rudel, R. A., Swartz, C. H., Attfield, K. R., Christian, J., Erickson, M., & Brody, J. G. (2008) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/07-604.1 · Cited by 105
Metadata
- Authors
- Buser, H.-R., Müller, M. D., & Theobald, N.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 1998-01-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 188-192
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W1994221839
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 13.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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