Structure and Absolute Configuration of Karlotoxin-2, an Ichthyotoxin from the Marine Dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum
Open accessAbstract
In an attempt to determine the cause of repeated fish kills in an estuarine aquaculture facility in Maryland, a toxin with hemolytic, cytotoxic, and ichthyotoxic properties, designated as karlotoxin-2 (KmTx2), was isolated from Karlodinium veneficum. The structure of KmTx2 was elucidated by means of detailed ID and 2D NMR spectra, including 2D INADEQUATE. The relative and absolute configurations of KmTx2 were determined using J-based configuration analysis and comparison of its degradation products with synthetic controls.
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Cultured benthic cyanobacteria from temperate marine environments provide a promising, under-exploited source for novel drugs against leukemia.
“Based on modern research, cultured benthic cyanobacteria from temperate marine environments provide a promising, under-exploited source for novel drugs against leukemia [107].”
From Marine Natural Products: A Source of Novel Anticancer Drugs (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
The Abstract describes karlotoxin-2 from the marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum and its toxicity to fish. Searches for benthic cyanobacteria and leukemia found no passage addressing their potential as a source of leukemia drugs. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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Marine Natural Products: A Source of Novel Anticancer Drugs
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“Based on modern research, cultured benthic cyanobacteria from temperate marine environments provide a promising, under-exploited source for novel drugs against leukemia [107].”
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- Authors
- Peng, J., Place, A. R., Yoshida, W., Anklin, C., & Hamann, M. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Place, Allen R.
- Hamann, Mark T.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-02-15
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3277-3279
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- PMC
- PMC2836391
- OpenAlex
- W1975663903
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K02AI001502)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Marine Toxins and Detection Methods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Marine Sponges and Natural Products
- Keywords
- Karlodinium veneficum, dinoflagellate toxins, ichthyotoxins, structure elucidation, absolute configuration, relative configuration, hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, fish kills, estuarine aquaculture, marine algal toxins
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dinoflagellida, Marine Toxins, Molecular Conformation, Pyrans, Zebrafish, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Polyketides
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