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Effects of Different Origins and Harvesting Time on Vitamin C, Tocopherols, and Tocotrienols in Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) Berries
Abstract
Vitamin C, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in berries of wild and cultivated sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) of different origins and harvesting dates were determined with HPLC. Wild berries of subsp. sinensis, native to China, contained 5-10 times more vitamin C in the juice fraction than the berries of subsp. rhamnoides from Europe and subsp. mongolica from Russia (4-13 vs 0.02-2 g/L juice). Genetic background and berry-harvesting date were two primary factors determining the vitamin C content in the berries. Crossing different subspecies influenced the vitamin C content to some extent. For bushes cultivated in southwest Finland, the best berry-harvesting date for high vitamin C content was the end of August. The seeds of subsp. sinensis contained less tocopherols and tocotrienols (average 130 mg/kg) compared with seeds of subsp. rhamnoides (average 290 mg/kg) and mongolica (average 250 mg/kg). The fruit flesh of sinensis berries had contents of tocopherols and tocotrienols 2-3 times higher than those found in the other two subspecies (120 mg/kg vs 40 mg/kg in rhamnoides and 50 mg/kg in mongolica). The fresh whole berries of subsp. sinensis were clearly the best source of total tocopherols and tocotrienols. The total content of tocopherols and tocotrienols in the soft parts of the berries reached the maximum level around early- to mid-September, whereas the content in seeds continued to increase until the end of November. The excellent combination of the highest content of vitamin C and tocopherols and tocotrienols makes the berries of subsp. sinensis an optimal raw material for nutritional investigation as a candidate for functional foods with special antioxidative properties.
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“As can be seen from Table 1, the vitamin C content of individual plant species is highly variable due to many factors, including place of cultivation, harvesting time (ripening stage), weather conditions, latitude, genotype, agrotechnology, analytical method used for determination, and processing [24,32,33,34,35].”
From Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
Citations
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Cited by
Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination
Doseděl, M., Jirkovský, E., Macáková, K., Krčmová, L., Javorská, L., Pourová, J., Mercolini, L., Remião, F., Nováková, L., Mladěnka, P., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020615 · Cited by 553
Medicinal and therapeutic potential of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
Suryakumar, G., & Gupta, A. (2011) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.024 · Cited by 481
Ksouri, R., Ksouri, W. M., Jallali, I., Debez, A., Magné, C., Hiroko, I., & Abdelly, C. (2012) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.3109/07388551.2011.630647 · Cited by 430
Papoutsis, K., Zhang, J., Bowyer, M. C., Brunton, N., Gibney, E. R., & Lyng, J. (2021) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128119 · Cited by 364
Zu, Y., Li, C., Fu, Y., & Zhao, C. (2006) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2005.04.052 · Cited by 339
Metadata
- Authors
- Kallio, H., Yang, B., & Peippo, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Kallio, Heikki
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2002-09-13
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 6136-6142
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W1989833125
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
- Keywords
- Hippophae rhamnoides, vitamin C, tocopherols, tocotrienols, subspecies, wild vs cultivated plants, harvest time, fruit ripening, seed content, functional foods, antioxidants
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Ascorbic Acid, Beverages, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Fruit, Seasons, Seeds, Species Specificity, Tocopherols, Tocotrienols, Hippophae
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of Different Origins and Harvesting Time on Vitamin C, Tocopherols, and Tocotrienols in Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) Berries. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/jf020421v
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- Kallio, H., Yang, B., & Peippo, P. (2002). Effects of Different Origins and Harvesting Time on Vitamin C, Tocopherols, and Tocotrienols in Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) Berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020421v
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
