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Electrochemical Preparation and EPR Studies of Lithium Phthalocyanine. 3. Measurements of Oxygen Concentration in Tissues and Biochemical Reactions
Abstract
A systematic investigation of the preparation, characterization, and use of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) microcrystalline powder as a probe for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry applications has recently been initiated (Ilangovan et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 4047−4059). Electrochemical preparation of LiPc under potentiostatic conditions (+0.4 V) yielded microcrystalline paramagnetic particles that showed extremely narrow (<10 mG) and oxygen-dependent EPR line width measured at 9.82 GHz (Ilangovan et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 9404−9410). In this report, we demonstrate the application of this material to measure oxygen concentration in a biochemical (xanthine/xanthine oxidase, X/XO), cellular (human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, PMNs), and in vivo (mice) biological systems. The microcrystalline particles showed high oxygen-sensitivity and stability in aqueous and physiological environments. The particles implanted in the gastrocnemius muscle of living mice were found to be stable enabling repetitive measurements of pO 2 for more than two weeks. Simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption and oxygen radical generation from X/XO and activated PMNs systems were performed using a combination of the LiPc oximetry probe and DEPMPO spin-trap. The results demonstrated that the LiPc microcrystalline powder could provide accurate and repetitive measurements of oxygen in the medium of its dispersion or in any tissue region of pathophysiological interest.
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Prior studies suggested that the initial variable spectra is related to the size of the particulate used, and to increase spectra strength, fine tuning of paramagnetic particulate size must be employed for the specific model.
“Prior studies have suggested that it is simply related to the size of the particulate used, and to increase spectra strength, fine tuning of paramagnetic particulate size must be employed for the specific model under investigation [45, 54].”
From Direct Measurements of Oxygen Gradients in Spheroid Culture System Using Electron Parametric Resonance Oximetry (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
In biological tissues, a part of the oxygen sensitive LiPc form is converted into an oxygen-insensitive form.
“Previous studies have identified that in biological tissues, a part of the oxygen sensitive LiPc form is converted into an oxygen-insensitive form [54].”
From Direct Measurements of Oxygen Gradients in Spheroid Culture System Using Electron Parametric Resonance Oximetry (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Novel particulate spin probe for targeted determination of oxygen in cells and tissues
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ilangovan, G., Li, H., Zweier, J. L., & Kuppusamy, P.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2001-05-03
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 5323-5330
- ISSN
- 1520-5207 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6106
- OpenAlex
- W2026755199
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Electron Spin Resonance Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
- Keywords
- lithium phthalocyanine, EPR oximetry, oxygen concentration measurement, electrochemical synthesis, xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, neutrophils, oxygen consumption, oxygen free radicals, tissue oxygenation, gastrocnemius
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