Crystallization-Induced Phosphorescence of Pure Organic Luminogens at Room Temperature
Abstract
Phosphorescence has rarely been observed in pure organic chromophore systems at room temperature. We herein report efficient phosphorescence from the crystals of benzophenone and its derivatives with a general formula of (X-C 6 H 4 ) 2 C═O (X = F, Cl, Br) as well as methyl 4-bromobenzoate and 4,4′-dibromobiphenyl under ambient conditions. These luminogens are all nonemissive when they are dissolved in good solvents, adsorbed on TLC plates, and doped into polymer films, because active intramolecular motions such as rotations and vibrations under these conditions effectively annihilate their triplet excitons via nonradiative relaxation channels. In the crystalline state, the intramolecular motions are restricted by the crystal lattices and intermolecular interactions, particularly C−H···O, N−H···O, C−H···X (X = F, Cl, Br), C−Br···Br−C, and C−H···π hydrogen bonding. The physical constraints and multiple intermolecular interactions collectively lock the conformations of the luminogen molecules. This structural rigidification effect makes the luminogens highly phosphorescent in the crystalline state at room temperature.
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- Authors
- Yuan, W. Z., Shen, X. Y., Zhao, H., Lam, J. W. Y., Tang, L., Lu, P., Wang, C., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Zheng, Q., Sun, J. Z., Ma, Y., & Tang, B. Z.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Nansha, Guangzhou, China, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of the Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin...
- Corresponding author
- Sun, Jing Zhi
- Tang, Ben Zhong
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-03-10
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 6090-6099
- ISSN
- 1932-7447 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-7455
- OpenAlex
- W2032848891
- Cited by
- 989
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 8.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (publishedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Crystallography and molecular interactions
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research
- Keywords
- phosphorescence, organic luminogens, room-temperature phosphorescence, crystallization, benzophenone derivatives, 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl, hydrogen bonding, intermolecular interactions, triplet excitons, nonradiative decay, restriction of intramolecular motion
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