Enzyme-coated carbon nanotubes as single-molecule biosensors
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of individual semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes as versatile biosensors. Controlled attachment of the redox enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) to the nanotube sidewall is achieved through a linking molecule and is found to induce a clear change of the conductance. The enzyme-coated tube is found to act as a pH sensor with large and reversible changes in conductance upon changes in pH. Upon addition of glucose, the substrate of GOx, a steplike response can be monitored in real time, indicating that our sensor is also capable of measuring enzymatic activity at the level of a single nanotube. This first demonstration of nanotube-based biosensors provides a new tool for enzymatic studies and opens the way to biomolecular diagnostics.
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For selective and sensitive glucose detection, glucose oxidase (GOD; β-d-glucose from Aspergillus niger) was immobilized on the graphene surface with a pyrene linker through the π-π stacking interaction.
“The main mechanism of glucose sensing in this system is that for the selective and sensitive glucose detection, glucose oxidase (GOD; β-d-glucose from Aspergillus niger) was immobilized on the graphene surface with a pyrene linker through the π-π stacking interaction (35, 36).”
From Soft, smart contact lenses with integrations of wireless circuits, glucose sensors, and displays (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Besteman, K., Lee, J.-O., Wiertz, F. G. M., Heering, H. A., & Dekker, C.
- Affiliations
- Delft University of Technology (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Dekker, Cees
- Venue
- Nano Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2003-05-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 727-730
- ISSN
- 1530-6984 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6992
- OpenAlex
- W2111703468
- Cited by
- 1,294
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 62.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nano Letters (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Keywords
- single-walled carbon nanotubes, glucose oxidase, pH sensing, glucose detection, conductance change, semiconducting carbon nanotubes, enzyme activity monitoring
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