The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Black TiO2 Nanotubes: Cocatalyst-Free Open-Circuit Hydrogen Generation
Abstract
Here we report that TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays, converted by a high pressure H2 treatment to anatase-like "black titania", show a high open-circuit photocatalytic hydrogen production rate without the presence of a cocatalyst. Tubes converted to black titania using classic reduction treatments (e.g., atmospheric pressure H2/Ar annealing) do not show this effect. The main difference caused by the high H2 pressure annealing is the resulting room-temperature stable, isolated Ti(3+) defect-structure created in the anatase nanotubes, as evident from electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations. This feature, absent for conventional reduction, seems thus to be responsible for activating intrinsic, cocatalytic centers that enable the observed high open-circuit hydrogen generation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The surface science of titanium dioxide
Diebold, U. (2003) · Surface Science Reports · doi:10.1016/s0167-5729(02)00100-0 · Cited by 7,944
EasySpin, a comprehensive software package for spectral simulation and analysis in EPR
Stoll, S., & Schweiger, A. (2006) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2005.08.013 · Cited by 6,557
Increasing Solar Absorption for Photocatalysis with Black Hydrogenated Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals
Chen, X., Liu, L., Yu, P. Y., & Mao, S. S. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1200448 · Cited by 6,245
TiO2 Nanotubes: Synthesis and Applications
Roy, P., Berger, S., & Schmuki, P. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201001374 · Cited by 3,134
Self-citationHydrogen-Treated TiO2 Nanowire Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Wang, G., Wang, H., Ling, Y., Tang, Y., Yang, X., Fitzmorris, R. C., Wang, C., Zhang, J. Z., & Li, Y. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl201766h · Cited by 2,566
Effect of Nature and Location of Defects on Bandgap Narrowing in Black TiO2Nanoparticles
Naldoni, A., Allieta, M., Santangelo, S., Marelli, M., Fabbri, F., Cappelli, S., Bianchi, C. L., Psaro, R., & Dal Santo, V. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja3012676 · Cited by 1,675
Hydrogenated TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Supercapacitors
Lu, X., Wang, G., Zhai, T., Yu, M., Gan, J., Tong, Y., & Li, Y. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl300173j · Cited by 1,325
Hoang, S., Berglund, S. P., Hahn, N. T., Bard, A. J., & Mullins, C. B. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja211369s · Cited by 618
Hydrogenated TiO2 Nanocrystals: A Novel Microwave Absorbing Material
Xia, T., Zhang, C., Oyler, N. A., & Chen, X. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201303088 · Cited by 559
Properties of Disorder-Engineered Black Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles through Hydrogenation
Chen, X., Liu, L., Liu, Z., Marcus, M. A., Wang, W.-C., Oyler, N. A., Grass, M. E., Mao, B., Glans, P.-A., Yu, P. Y., et al. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01510 · Cited by 413
Cited by
One‐dimensional TiO2 Nanotube Photocatalysts for Solar Water Splitting
Ge, M., Li, Q., Cao, C., Huang, J., Li, S., Zhang, S., Chen, Z., Zhang, K., Al‐Deyab, S. S., & Lai, Y. (2017) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.201600152 · Cited by 555
Advantageous crystalline–amorphous phase boundary for enhanced electrochemical water oxidation
Han, H., Choi, H., Mhin, S., Hong, Y.-R., Kim, K. M., Kwon, J., Ali, G., Chung, K. Y., Je, M., Umh, H. N., et al. (2019) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c9ee00950g · Cited by 482
Full‐Spectrum Solar‐Light‐Activated Photocatalysts for Light–Chemical Energy Conversion
Wang, X., Wang, F., Sang, Y., & Liu, H. (2017) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201700473 · Cited by 328
Wu, Z., Yang, P., Li, Q., Xiao, W., Li, Z., Xu, G., Liu, F., Jia, B., Ma, T., Feng, S., et al. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202300406 · Cited by 226
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, N., Schneider, C., Freitag, D., Hartmann, M., Venkatesan, U., Müller, J., Spiecker, E., & Schmuki, P.
- Venue
- Nano Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2014-05-13
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 3309-3313
- ISSN
- 1530-6984 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6992
- OpenAlex
- W2322168192
- Cited by
- 462
- References
- 21
- FWCI
- 17.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Black TiO2 Nanotubes: Cocatalyst-Free Open-Circuit Hydrogen Generation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/nl500710j
- The paper
- Liu, N., Schneider, C., Freitag, D., Hartmann, M., Venkatesan, U., Müller, J., Spiecker, E., & Schmuki, P. (2014). Black TiO2 Nanotubes: Cocatalyst-Free Open-Circuit Hydrogen Generation. Nano Letters. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl500710j
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.