Enhanced Release of Small Molecules from Near-Infrared Light Responsive Polymer−Nanorod Composites
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials undergo structural changes in response to an external trigger (i.e., pH, heat, or light). This process has been previously used for a range of applications in biomedicine and microdevices and has recently gained considerable attention in controlled drug release. Here, we use a near-infrared (NIR) light responsive polymer-nanorod composite whose glass transition temperature (T(g)) is in the range of body temperature to control and enhance the release of a small-molecule drug (<800 Da). In addition to increased temperature and resulting changes in molecule diffusion, the photothermal effect (conversion of NIR light to heat) adjusts the composite above the T(g). Specifically, at normal body temperature (T < T(g)), the structure is glassy and release is limited, whereas when T > T(g), the polymer is rubbery and release is enhanced. We applied this heating system to trigger release of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin from both polymer films and microspheres. Multiple cycles of NIR exposure were performed and demonstrated a triggered and stepwise release behavior. Lastly, we tested the microsphere system in vitro, reporting a ∼90% reduction in the activity of T6-17 cells when the release of doxorubicin was triggered from microspheres exposed to NIR light. This overall approach can be used with numerous polymer systems to modulate molecule release toward the development of unique and clinically applicable therapies.
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Fillers such as indocyanine green and Epolight 4121, gold particles, conductive ceramics, carbon blacks, nanotubes, and even ink may be incorporated in SMPs to improve the heating efficiency.
“Fillers such as indocyanine green and Epolight 4121, gold particles [423,424], conductive ceramics, carbon blacks, nanotubes, and even ink [425] may be incorporated in SMPs to improve the heating efficiency [149,311,416,426,427].”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [423]
Heating of focused light absorbed by gold nanoparticles can increase the temperature of gold nanoparticles/SMP composites locally to trigger spatially controlled SME.
“Heating of focused light can be absorbed by the gold nanoparticles to increase the temperature of gold nanoparticles/SMP composites locally to trigger the spatially controlled SME [423].”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [423]
Hribar et al. produced biocompatible polymer-Au NRs nanocomposites (films and microspheres) for the release of an antitumor agent doxorubicin.
“Therefore Hribar et al. produced biocompatible polymer-Au NRs nanocomposites (films and microspheres) for the release of an antitumor agent doxorubicin.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [142]
The obtained poly(b-amino ester)-based materials were designed for IR light-responsive with a Tg close to the temperature of the human body and exhibited enhanced therapeutic efficacy in terms of limiting the proliferation of tumor T6-17 cells.
“The obtained poly( b -amino ester)-based materials were designed for IR light-responsive with a Tg close to the temperature of the human body and exhibited enhanced therapeutic efficacy in terms of limiting the proliferation of tumor T6-17 cells [142].”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [142]
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- Authors
- Hribar, K. C., Lee, M. H., Lee, D., & Burdick, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Burdick, Jason A.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-03-08
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2948-2956
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W2316001945
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 7.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Keywords
- photothermal effect, stimuli-responsive drug release, doxorubicin, controlled drug release, glass transition temperature, microspheres, photothermal heating, chemotherapy delivery
- MeSH terms
- Infrared Rays, Microspheres, Polymers, Temperature, Nanotubes
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