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Glucose-Responsive Microgels Integrated with Enzyme Nanocapsules for Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery
Abstract
A glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin delivery system represents the ideal treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we develop uniform injectable microgels for controlled glucose-responsive release of insulin. Monodisperse microgels (256 ± 18 μm), consisting of a pH-responsive chitosan matrix, enzyme nanocapsules, and recombinant human insulin, were fabricated through a one-step electrospray procedure. Glucose-specific enzymes were covalently encapsulated into the nanocapsules to improve enzymatic stability by protecting from denaturation and immunogenicity as well as to minimize loss due to diffusion from the matrix. The microgel system swelled when subjected to hyperglycemic conditions, as a result of the enzymatic conversion of glucose into gluconic acid and protonation of the chitosan network. Acting as a self-regulating valve system, microgels were adjusted to release insulin at basal release rates under normoglycemic conditions and at higher rates under hyperglycemic conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that these microgels with enzyme nanocapsules facilitate insulin release and result in a reduction of blood glucose levels in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes.
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Cited by
Advances in Biomaterials for Drug Delivery
Fenton, O. S., Olafson, K. N., Pillai, P. S., Mitchell, M. J., & Langer, R. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201705328 · Cited by 855
Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for controlled drug delivery
Hu, Q., Katti, P. S., & Gu, Z. (2014) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c4nr04249b · Cited by 668
Self-citationNanogels and Microgels: From Model Colloids to Applications, Recent Developments, and Future Trends
Karg, M., Pich, A., Hellweg, T., Hoare, T., Lyon, L. A., Crassous, J. J., Suzuki, D., Gumerov, R. A., Schneider, S., Potemkin, I. I., et al. (2019) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04304 · Cited by 658
El-Husseiny, H. M., Mady, E. A., Hamabe, L., Abugomaa, A., Shimada, K., Yoshida, T., Tanaka, T., Yokoi, A., Elbadawy, M., & Tanaka, R. (2022) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100186 · Cited by 533
Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for therapeutic protein delivery
Lu, Y., Sun, W., & Gu, Z. (2014) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.015 · Cited by 415
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gu, Z., Dang, T. T., Ma, M., Tang, B. C., Cheng, H., Jiang, S., Dong, Y., Zhang, Y., & Anderson, D. G.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-07-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 6758-6766
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W2316031239
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 12.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Gu, Z., Dang, T. T., Ma, M., Tang, B. C., Cheng, H., Jiang, S., Dong, Y., Zhang, Y., & Anderson, D. G. (2013). Glucose-Responsive Microgels Integrated with Enzyme Nanocapsules for Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery. ACS Nano. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn401617u
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