Stable Isotope- and Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics as Tools in Drug Metabolism: A Study Expanding Tempol Pharmacology
Open accessAbstract
The application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the field of drug metabolism has yielded important insights not only into the metabolic routes of drugs but has provided unbiased, global perspectives of the endogenous metabolome that can be useful for identifying biomarkers associated with mechanism of action, efficacy, and toxicity. In this report, a stable isotope- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach that captures both drug metabolism and changes in the endogenous metabolome in a single experiment is described. Here the antioxidant drug tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) was chosen because its mechanism of action is not completely understood and its metabolic fate has not been studied extensively. Furthermore, its small size (MW = 172.2) and chemical composition (C(9)H(18)NO(2)) make it challenging to distinguish from endogenous metabolites. In this study, mice were dosed with tempol or deuterated tempol (C(9)D(17)HNO(2)) and their urine was profiled using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis of the urinary metabolomics data generated a Y-shaped scatter plot containing drug metabolites (protonated and deuterated) that were clearly distinct from the endogenous metabolites. Ten tempol drug metabolites, including eight novel metabolites, were identified. Phase II metabolism was the major metabolic pathway of tempol in vivo, including glucuronidation and glucosidation. Urinary endogenous metabolites significantly elevated by tempol treatment included 2,8-dihydroxyquinoline (8.0-fold, P < 0.05) and 2,8-dihydroxyquinoline-β-d-glucuronide (6.8-fold, P < 0.05). Urinary endogenous metabolites significantly attenuated by tempol treatment including pantothenic acid (1.3-fold, P < 0.05) and isobutrylcarnitine (5.3-fold, P < 0.01). This study underscores the power of a stable isotope- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in expanding the view of drug pharmacology.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In two well powered, randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blinded studies, ingestion of a bile salt-hydrolysing Lactobacillus reuteri strain significantly lowered total and LDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolaemic individuals.
“In two well powered, randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blinded studies, they demonstrated that ingestion of this strain significantly lowered total and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol.”
From The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites
Wikoff, W. R., Anfora, A. T., Liu, J., Schultz, P. G., Lesley, S. A., Peters, E. C., & Siuzdak, G. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812874106 · Cited by 2,677 · see citing works
METLIN—a metabolite mass spectral database
Smith, C. A., Maille, G. O., Want, E. J., Qin, C., Trauger, S. A., Brandon, T. R., Custodio, D. E., Abagyan, R., & Siuzdak, G. (2005) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000179845.53213.39 · Cited by 2,226 · see citing works
Kind, T., & Fiehn, O. (2007) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-8-105 · Cited by 1,201 · see citing works
Samudio, I. J., Harmancey, R., Fiegl, M., Kantarjian, H. M., Konopleva, M. Y., Korchin, B., Kaluarachchi, K. K., Bornmann, W. G., Duvvuri, S. R., Taegtmeyer, H., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci38942 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
The chemistry and biology of nitroxide compounds
Soule, B. P., Hyodo, F., Matsumoto, K.-I., Simone, N. L., Cook, J. A., Krishna, M. C., & Mitchell, J. B. (2007) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.030 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of tempol and redox-cycling nitroxides in models of oxidative stress
Wilcox, C. S. (2010) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.003 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Fatty acid oxidation is a dominant bioenergetic pathway in prostate cancer
Liu, Y. (2006) · Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases · doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500879 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Chemistry and Antihypertensive Effects of Tempol and Other Nitroxides
Wilcox, C. S., & Pearlman, A. (2008) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.108.000240 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Oxoammonium cation intermediate in the nitroxide-catalyzed dismutation of superoxide.
Krishna, M. C., Grahame, D. A., Samuni, A., Mitchell, J. B., & Russo, A. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5537 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationLC-MS-Based Metabolomics in Drug Metabolism
Chen, C., Gonzalez, F. J., & Idle, J. R. (2007) · Drug Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1080/03602530701497804 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationRadiolabeled Tracers for Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis and Evaluation of Anti-Angiogenic Therapies
Haubner, R., & Wester, H. (2004) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612043384745 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Yu, S., Rao, S., & Reddy, J. K. (2003) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/1566524033479537 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Inflammation and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation link obesity to early tumor promotion
Khasawneh, J., Schulz, M. D., Walch, A. K., Rozman, J., de Angelis, M. H., Klingenspor, M., Buck, A. K., Schwaiger, M., Saur, D., Schmid, R. M., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0802864106 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Chen, C., Krausz, K. W., Shah, Y. M., Idle, J. R., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2009) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx800464q · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationVariation of metabolites in normal human urine
Saude, E. J., Adamko, D. J., Rowe, B. H., Marrie, T. J., & Sykes, B. D. (2007) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-007-0091-1 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Krishna, M. C., DeGraff, W., Hankovszky, O. H., Sár, C. P., Kálai, T., Jekő, J., Russo, A., Mitchell, J. B., & Hideg, K. (1998) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm9802160 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, C., Krausz, K. W., Idle, J. R., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m706299200 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationCancer chemoprevention by the antioxidant tempol in Atm-deficient mice
Schubert, R. (2004) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh189 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Martín, A. S., Du, P., Dikalova, A., Lassegue, B. P., Aleman, M. M., Góngora, M. C., Brown, K., Joseph, G., Harrison, D. G., Taylor, W. R., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00943.2006 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Sharma, R., Strelevitz, T. J., Gao, H., Clark, A. J., Schildknegt, K., Obach, R. S., Ripp, S. L., Spracklin, D. K., Tremaine, L. M., & Vaz, A. D. N. (2011) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.111.042770 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Xenobiotic Metabolism: A View through the Metabolometer
Patterson, A. D., Gonzalez, F. J., & Idle, J. R. (2010) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx100020p · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobial transformation of quinoline by a Pseudomonas sp
Shukla, O. P. (1986) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.51.6.1332-1342.1986 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
A low molecular weight antioxidant decreases weight and lowers tumor incidence
Mitchell, J. B., Xavier, S., DeLuca, A. M., Sowers, A. L., Cook, J. A., Krishna, M. C., Hahn, S. M., & Russo, A. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01193-0 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolism in rat liver microsomes of the nitroxide spin probe tempol
Iannone, A., Bini, A., Swartz, H. M., Tomasi, A., & Vannini, V. (1989) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(89)90541-8 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Abcb11 Deficiency Induces Cholestasis Coupled to Impaired β-Fatty Acid Oxidation in Mice
Zhang, Y., Li, F., Patterson, A. D., Wang, Y., Krausz, K. W., Neale, G. A. M., Thomas, S., Nachagari, D., Vogel, P., Vore, M. E., et al. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.329318 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationComputational prediction of human drug metabolism
Ekins, S., Andreyev, S., Ryabov, A., Kirillov, E., Rakhmatulin, E. A., Bugrim, A. E., & Nikolskaya, T. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1517/17425255.1.2.303 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
In vitroandin vivoglucuronidation of midazolam in humans
Hyland, R., Osborne, T., Payne, A., Kempshall, S., Logan, Y. R., Ezzeddine, K., & Jones, B. (2009) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03386.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Crockford, D. J., Maher, A. D., Ahmadi, K. R., Barrett, A., Plumb, R. S., Wilson, I. D., & Nicholson, J. K. (2008) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac801075m · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Basic disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Blaak, E. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2004361 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Li, F., Patterson, A. D., Krausz, K. W., Tanaka, N., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2012) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m027433 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationZhen, Y., Krausz, K. W., Chen, C., Idle, J. R., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2007) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2007-0150 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationFardet, A., Llorach, R., Martin, J., Besson, C., Lyan, B., Pujos‐Guillot, E., & Scalbert, A. (2008) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr800034h · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Diet‐induced Renal Changes in Zucker Rats Are Ameliorated by the Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic TEMPOL
Ebenezer, P. J., Mariappan, N., Elks, C. M., Haque, M., & Francis, J. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.137 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Shi, X., Yao, D., & Chen, C. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.312199 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, F., Patterson, A. D., Höfer, C. C., Krausz, K. W., Gonzalez, F. J., & Idle, J. R. (2010) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman Urinary Metabolomic Profile of PPARα Induced Fatty Acid β-Oxidation
Patterson, A. D., Slanař, O., Krausz, K. W., Li, F., Höfer, C. C., Perlík, F., Gonzalez, F. J., & Idle, J. R. (2009) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr9004103 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics in medical countermeasures against radiation
Patterson, A. D., Lanz, C., Gonzalez, F. J., & Idle, J. R. (2009) · Mass Spectrometry Reviews · doi:10.1002/mas.20272 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolomics reveals the metabolic map of procainamide in humans and mice
Li, F., Patterson, A. D., Krausz, K. W., Dick, B., Frey, F. J., Gonzalez, F. J., & Idle, J. R. (2012) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationNitroxide metabolism in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT
Kroll, C., Langner, A., & Borchert, H. (1999) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00268-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Shukla, O. P. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Li, F., Patterson, A. D., Höfer, C. C., Krausz, K. W., Gonzalez, F. J., & Idle, J. R. (2011) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2011.01.024 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationSang, S., & Yang, C. S. (2008) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.3786 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mueller, M., Kolbrich, E. A., Peters, F. T., Huestis, M. A., Ricaurte, G. A., & Maurer, H. H. (2009) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-009-2607-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wind, M., Gebhardt, K., Grunwald, H., Spickermann, J., Donzelli, M., Kellenberger, L., Muller, M., Fullhardt, P., Schmitt‐Hoffmann, A. H., & Schleimer, M. (2007) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.2926 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Isotopic enrichment enhancement in metabonomic analysis of UPLC–MS data sets
Athersuch, T. J., Nicholson, J. K., & Wilson, I. D. (2007) · Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals · doi:10.1002/jlcr.1217 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sommerer, U., Gordon, E. R., & Goresky, C. A. (1988) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840080123 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier
Marchesi, J. R., Adams, D. H., Fava, F., Hermes, G. D. A., Hirschfield, G. M., Hold, G., Quraishi, M. N., Kinross, J., Smidt, H., Tuohy, K. M., et al. (2016) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309990 · Cited by 2,302 · see citing works
“20 Prebiotics represent a speci fi c type of dietary fi bre that when fermented, mediate measurable changes within the gut microbiota composition, usually an increase in the relative abundance of bacteria thought of as bene fi cial, such as bi fi dobacteria or certain butyrate producers.”
BackgroundLi, F., Jiang, C., Krausz, K. W., Li, Y., Albert, I., Hao, H., Fabre, K. M., Mitchell, J. B., Patterson, A. D., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3384 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Intestinal Microbiota–Farnesoid X Receptor Axis Modulates Metabolic Disease
Gonzalez, F. J., Jiang, C., & Patterson, A. D. (2016) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.057 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Self-citationModern methodologies and tools for human hazard assessment of chemicals
Authority, E. F. S. (2014) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3638 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling Modulates Metabolic Disease
Gonzalez, F. J., Jiang, C., Xie, C., & Patterson, A. D. (2017) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000450908 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationLC–MS-based metabolomics: an update
Fang, Z., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2014) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1234-6 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationJia, W., Chu, X., Chang, J., Wang, P. G., Chen, Y., & Zhang, F. (2017) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.038 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Lipidomics Reveals a Link between CYP1B1 and SCD1 in Promoting Obesity
Li, F., Jiang, C., Larsen, M. C., Bushkofsky, J. R., Krausz, K. W., Wang, T., Jefcoate, C. R. E., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2014) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr500145n · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationModulation of Colon Cancer by Nutmeg
Li, F., Yang, X.-W., Krausz, K. W., Nichols, R. G., Xu, W., Patterson, A. D., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2015) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr5013152 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationGarcia‐Aloy, M., Llorach, R., Urpí-Sardà, M., Tulipani, S., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Corella, D., Fitó, M., Estruch, R., Serra‐Majem, L., et al. (2014) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-014-0682-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Kluger, B., Bueschl, C., Neumann, N. K. N., Stückler, R., Doppler, M., Chassy, A. W., Waterhouse, A. L., Rechthaler, J., Kampleitner, N., Thallinger, G., et al. (2014) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac503290j · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Transgenic mice and metabolomics for study of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity
Gonzalez, F. J., Fang, Z., & Ma, X. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1517/17425255.2015.1032245 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationKancharla, P. K., Kato, T., & Crich, D. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja501276r · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Metabolic map of osthole and its effect on lipids
Zhao, Q., Li, X., Liu, H., Gonzalez, F. J., & Li, F. (2017) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.1080/00498254.2017.1306660 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationApplication of Metabolomics in the Study of Natural Products
Zhao, Q., Zhang, J.-L., & Li, F. (2018) · Natural Products and Bioprospecting · doi:10.1007/s13659-018-0175-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobiota Metabolism Promotes Synthesis of the Human Ah Receptor Agonist 2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline
Hubbard, T. D., Liu, Q., Murray, I. A., Dong, F., Miller, C. A., Smith, P. B. W., Gowda, K., Lin, J.-M., Amin, S., Patterson, A. D., et al. (2019) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00946 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationComparative metabolism of tripolide and triptonide using metabolomics
Hu, D., Chen, X., Xiao, X.-R., Wang, Y., Liu, F., Zhao, Q., Li, X., Yang, X., & Li, F. (2018) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolic profiling of dehydrodiisoeugenol using xenobiotic metabolomics
Lv, Q.-Q., Yang, X., Yan, D.-M., Liang, W., Liu, H., Yang, X., & Li, F. (2017) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.045 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalysis of stable isotope assisted metabolomics data acquired by GC-MS
Wei, X., Shi, B., Koo, I., Yin, X., Lorkiewicz, P. K., Suhail, H., Rattan, R., Giri, S., McClain, C. J., & Zhang, X. (2017) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Discovery of biomarkers for oxidative stress based on cellular metabolomics
Wang, N., Wei, J., Liu, Y., Pei, D., Hu, Q. P., Wang, Y., & Di, D. (2016) · Biomarkers · doi:10.3109/1354750x.2016.1153720 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Metabolomics: Bridging Chemistry and Biology in Drug Discovery and Development
Lu, Y., & Chen, C. (2017) · Current Pharmacology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40495-017-0083-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyoğlu, D., Zhou, Y., Chen, C., & Idle, J. R. (2018) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.022 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationLC–MS-Based Metabolomics in the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Lu, Y., Zhao, X., Hu, Z., Wang, L. A., & Li, F. (2018) · Current Pharmacology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40495-018-0144-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationOmics Approaches To Probe Microbiota and Drug Metabolism Interactions
Nichols, R. G., Hume, N. E., Smith, P. B. W., Peters, J. M., & Patterson, A. D. (2016) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00236 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationMultiplatform Physiologic and Metabolic Phenotyping Reveals Microbial Toxicity
Cai, J., Nichols, R. G., Koo, I., Kalikow, Z. A., Zhang, L., Tian, Y., Zhang, J., Smith, P. B. W., & Patterson, A. D. (2018) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00123-18 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationTian, Y., Gui, W., Smith, P. B. W., Koo, I., Murray, I. A., Cantorna, M. T., Perdew, G. H., & Patterson, A. D. (2019) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03212 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationDesmarais, A., Pujos‐Guillot, E., Lyan, B., Martin, J., Leblanc, N., Angers, P., & Sébédio, J. (2015) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-015-3997-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chen, P., Pang, C., Xu, T., Dong, P., & Han, H. (2023) · Biomedical Chromatography · doi:10.1002/bmc.5704 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yue, F., Jiang, H. W., Tan, M., Yan, S., & Jiang, D. (2025) · Journal of Pest Science · doi:10.1007/s10340-025-01926-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Future perspectives for metabolomics in nutrition research
Ferrara, M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-084-2.00012-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fu, W., Wu, S., Yongting, Y., Lin, M., Duan, M., Wu, W., & 游旭军 (2026) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-026-12786-8
- Authors
- Li, F., Pang, X., Krausz, K. W., Jiang, C., Chen, C., Cook, J. A., Krishna, M. C., Mitchell, J. B., Gonzalez, F. J., & Patterson, A. D.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Patterson, Andrew D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Proteome Research
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-01-31
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1369-1376
- ISSN
- 1535-3893 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-3907
- PMC
- PMC3594779
- OpenAlex
- W2055923752
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Proteome Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES022186, ES022186)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- tempol, drug metabolism, stable isotope labeling, deuterated drugs, urine metabolomics, endogenous metabolites, drug metabolites, phase II metabolism, glucuronidation, glucosylation, pantothenic acid, antioxidant drugs, pharmacology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cyclic N-Oxides, Isotopes, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Spin Labels, Principal Component Analysis, Mice, Metabolomics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
