The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Subway Particles Are More Genotoxic than Street Particles and Induce Oxidative Stress in Cultured Human Lung Cells
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an association between airborne particles and a wide range of adverse health effects. The mechanisms behind these effects include oxidative stress and inflammation. Even though traffic gives rise to high levels of particles in the urban air, people are exposed to even higher levels in the subway. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how particles from different urban subenvironments differ in toxicity. The main aim of the present study was to compare the ability of particles from a subway station and a nearby very busy urban street, respectively, to damage DNA and to induce oxidative stress. Cultured human lung cells (A549) were exposed to particles, DNA damage was analyzed using single cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay), and the ability to induce oxidative stress was measured as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation in lung cell DNA. We found that the subway particles were approximately eight times more genotoxic and four times more likely to cause oxidative stress in the lung cells. When the particles, water extracts from the particles, or particles treated with the metal chelator deferoxamine mesylate were incubated with 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and 8-oxodG was analyzed, we found that the oxidative capacity of the subway particles was due to redox active solid metals. Furthermore, analysis of the atomic composition showed that the subway particles to a dominating degree (atomic %) consisted of iron, mainly in the form of magnetite (Fe3O4). By using electron microscopy, the interaction between the particles and the lung cells was shown. The in vitro reactivity of the subway particles in combination with the high particle levels in subway systems give cause of concern due to the high number of people that are exposed to subway particles on a daily basis. To what extent the subway particles cause health effects in humans needs to be further evaluated.
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Citations
Cites
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INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY PARTICLES AND FIBERS
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Cited by
Karlsson, H. L., Cronholm, P., Gustafsson, J., & Möller, L. (2008) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx800064j · Cited by 1,480
Self-citationSize-dependent toxicity of metal oxide particles—A comparison between nano- and micrometer size
Karlsson, H. L., Gustafsson, J., Cronholm, P., & Möller, L. (2009) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.014 · Cited by 949
Self-citation(2014) · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3696-8 · Cited by 946
de Kok, T. M. C. M., Driece, H. A. L., Hogervorst, J. G. F., & Briedé, J. J. (2006) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2006.07.001 · Cited by 489
You, S., Tong, Y. W., Neoh, K. G., Dai, Y., & Wang, C.-H. (2016) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.071 · Cited by 96
Metadata
- Authors
- Karlsson, H. L., Nilsson, L., & Möller, L.
- Venue
- Chemical Research in Toxicology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2004-12-24
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-23
- ISSN
- 0893-228X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5010
- OpenAlex
- W1990716017
- Cited by
- 337
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 8.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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