Cited by 123Reliability and Agreement in MeasurementAttachment and Relationship DynamicsBehavioral and Psychological Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 113 of the 113 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Nuts and Bolts of Behavioral Observation of Marital and Family Interaction

Abstract

Despite considerable discussion in the literature about the advantages of observational research and the relative benefits of different coding systems and strategies, little is written about the actual implementation of this assessment strategy. This paper presents an overall framework as well as the essential components involved in collecting (selection of task, setting, unit of analysis, and coding system) and coding (transcribing, selecting and training coders, transforming data, and analyzing reliability) of observational data. To achieve success with observational methods, we emphasize several issues, including (a) the research question as the motivator for all decisions, (b) the interrelatedness of tasks, and (c) the implications of decisions early in the process for later stages of analysis and interpretation. Investigators are encouraged to communicate the details of their observational and coding procedures so that these methods are readily accessible for purposes of replication and comparison.

Overview

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Crossref · 10.1023/a:1022608117322

Cites

113 of 113 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Knowing the thoughts and feelings of someone in pain impacts an observer's affective and behavioral reactions.

    “Goubert et al. 16 proposed that knowing the thoughts and feelings of someone in pain impacts an observer’s affective and behavioral reactions (i.e., expressions of empathy) to the observed person with pain.”

Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 19

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  2. Cairns, R. B., & Green, J. A. (1979). How to assess personality and social patterns: Observations or ratings? In R. G. Cairns (Ed.), The analysis of social interactions: Methods, issues, and illustration (pp. 209–226). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  3. Conger, R. D. (1983). Behavioral assessment for practitioners: Some reasons and recommendations. In E. E. Filsinger (Ed.), Marriage and family assessment (pp. 137–151). Beverly Hills, Sage.
  4. Foster, S. L. (1987). Issues in behavioral assessment of parent-adolescent conflict. Behavioral Assessment, 9, 253–269.
  5. Goldstein, M. J. (1992). Intrafamilial communication patterns observed during adolescence and the subsequent development of schizophrenia in early adulthood. In A. Z. Schwartberg, A. H. Esman, S. C. Feinstein, & S. Lebovici (Eds.), International annals of adolescent psychiatry (Vol. 2, pp. 47–55). Chicago: U of Chicago.
  6. Gottman, J. M. (1996). What predicts divorce? The measures. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  7. Jacobson, N. S. (1985). The role of observational measures in behavioral therapy outcome research. Behavioral Assessment, 7, 297–308.
  8. Long, J. (1996). Video Coding System (VCS). In J. M. Gottman (Ed.), What predicts divorce? The measures (pp. SPAFF 129–130). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  9. McGoldrick, M. & Giordano, J. (1996). Overview: Ethnicity and family therapy. In M. McGoldrick, J. Giordano, & J. K. Pearce (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (pp. 1–30). New York: Guilford.
  10. Notarius, C., & Markman, H. J. (1989). Coding marital and family interaction: A sampling and discussion of current issues. Behavioral Assessment, 11, 1–13.
  11. Notarius, C., Markman, H. J., & Gottman, J. M. (1983). Couples' Interaction Scoring System: Clinical implications. In E. E. Filsinger (Ed.), Marriage and family assessment: A sourcebook for family therapy (pp. 117–136). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  12. Patterson, G. R., (1982). Coercive family processes. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
  13. Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1992). Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
  14. Pratt, M. W., Kerig, P. K., Cowan, P. A., & Cowan, C. P. (1988). Mothers and fathers teaching three year olds: Authoritative parenting and adults' use of the zone of proximal development. Developmental Psychology, 24, 832–839. · DOI
  15. Reid, J. B. (1978). A social learning approach to family intervention: Observation in home settings (Vol. 2). Eugene, OR: Castalia.
  16. Reid, J. R., Taplin, P., & Lorber, R. (1981). A social interactional approach to the treatment of abusive families. In R. B. Stuart (Ed.), Violent behavior: Social learning approaches to prediction management, and treatment (pp. 83–101). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
  17. Robin, A. L., & Weiss, J. G. (1980). Criterion-related validity of behavioral and self-report measures of problem-solving communication skills in distressed and non-distressed parent-adolescent dyads. Behavioral Assessment, 2, 339–352.
  18. Weiss, R. L., & Heyman, R. E. (1990). Observation of marital interaction. In F. D. Fincham & T. N. Bradbury (Eds.), The psychology of marriage: Basic issues and applications (pp. 87–117). New York: Guilford.
  19. Weiss, R. L., & Tolman, A. O., (1990). The Marital Interactional Coding System-Global (MICS-G): A global comparison to the MICS. Behavioral Assessment, 12, 271–294.

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Metadata

Authors
Margolin, G., Oliver, P. H., Gordis, E. B., O'Hearn, H. G., Medina, A. M., Ghosh, C. M., & Morland, L.
Affiliations
University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author
Margolin, Gayla
Venue
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
Published
1998-12
Volume
1
Issue
4
Pages
195-213
ISSN
  • 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-2827
OpenAlex
W72738105
Cited by
123
References
113
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
FWCI
1.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Public Health Service (10947, 36595)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Keywords
behavioral observation, marital interaction, family interaction, coding system, coder training, inter-rater reliability, observational data collection, unit of analysis, transcribing, replication, research design
MeSH terms
Adult, Behavior, Child, Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Family, Humans, Marriage, Research Design, Observer Variation, Guidelines as Topic, Observation

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