Outcome of Minnesota's Gambling Treatment Programs
Abstract
This study measured the outcome of four state-supported outpatient gambling treatment programs in Minnesota. The programs were developed specifically for the treatment of pathological gamblers and offered multiple modalities of treatment including individual, group, education, twelve-step work, family groups, and financial counseling. The therapeutic orientation was eclectic with an emphasis on the twelve steps of Gamblers Anonymous (GA) and a treatment goal of abstinence. The sample included 348 men and 220 women treated between January 1992 and January 1995. A pretest-posttest design was utilized with multidimensional assessments obtained at intake, discharge, six-months, and twelve-months post-discharge. Variables assessed included a range of clinical and outcome variables. At six month follow-up, 28% reported that they had abstained from gambling during the six months following discharge and an additional 20% had gambled less than once per month. Almost half of the sample (48%) showed clinically significant improvement in gambling frequency at six month follow-up. Outcome variables of gambling frequency, SOGS scores, amount of money gambled, number of friends who gamble, psychosocial problems, and number of financial problems, all showed statistically significant improvements from pretreatment to follow-up. The treatment programs yielded outcome results similar to those reported for alcohol and drug abuse treatment programs.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In an analysis of various treatment outcomes, 50% of individuals remain abstinent at 6 months post-gambling involvement.
“an analysis of various treatment outcomes revealed that 50% of individuals remain abstinent at 6 months post-gambling involvement”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Stinchfield & Winters, 2001
In an analysis of various treatment outcomes, approximately 29% of individuals remain abstinent after one year.
“approximately 29% remain abstinent after one year”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Stinchfield & Winters, 2001
In an analysis of various treatment outcomes, only 15% of individuals are abstinent after two years.
“only 15% are abstinent after two years (Stinchfield & Winters, 2001)”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Stinchfield & Winters, 2001
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931 · see citing works
Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).
Sitgreaves, R. (1979) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/018882 · Cited by 14,384 · see citing works
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
(2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/kpd · Cited by 13,703 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
&NA; (1988) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-198802020-00022 · Cited by 12,603 · see citing works
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Cooper, A. M., & Michels, R. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.1.128 · Cited by 7,417 · see citing works
Drake, M. M. (1988) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.42.10.683b · Cited by 5,303 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Kendell, R. E. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.12.1630 · Cited by 5,181 · see citing works
(1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.9.1184 · Cited by 2,948 · see citing works
Assessment of client/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale
Larsen, D. L., Attkisson, C. C., Hargreaves, W. A., & Nguyen, T. D. (1979) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(79)90094-6 · Cited by 2,887 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The assessment battery includes two standardized instruments modified for this study: South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) (Lesieur & Blume, 1987) and the Client Satisfaction Scale (CSQ) ( Larsen, Attkisson, Hargreaves & Nguyen, 1979 ).”
MethodHandbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change: An Empirical Analysis
Bergin, A. E. (1971) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 1,110 · see citing works
Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis
Marks, I. M. (1973) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(73)90097-4 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Verbal report methods in clinical research on alcoholism: response bias and its minimization.
Babor, T. F., Stephens, R. S., & Marlatt, G. A. (1987) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1987.48.410 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: A controlled study.
Sylvain, C., Ladouceur, R., & Boisvert, J.-M. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.65.5.727 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Lesieur, H. R., & Rosenthal, R. J. (1991) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/bf01019763 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: A controlled study.
Sylvain, C., Ladouceur, R., & Boisvert, J.-M. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.65.5.727 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Best methods for the analysis of change: Recent advances, unanswered questions, future directions.
Collins, L. M., & American Psychological Association (1991) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10099-000 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Gambling Behavior and Problem Gambling
Eadington, W. R. (1993) · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Prevalence, Assessment, and Treatment of Pathological Gambling: A Review
Petry, N. M., & Armentano, C. (1999) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.50.8.1021 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Compulsive gambling: Theory, research, and practice.
Shaffer, H. J., Stein, S. A., Gambino, B., & Cummings, T. N. (1989) · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Lesieur, H., & Blume, S. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01863.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Follow-up of pathological gamblers after treatment
Taber, J. I., McCormick, R. A., Russo, A. M., Adkins, B. J., & Ramirez, L. F. (1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.6.757 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
The Assessment of Psychotherapy Outcome
Abramowitz, S. I. (1984) · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/00207284.1984.11491382 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The Assessment of psychotherapy outcome
Lambert, M. J., Christensen, E. R., & DeJulio, S. S. (1983) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Treatment approaches for pathological gamblers
Viets, V. L. (1997) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(97)00031-7 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment of pathological gambling.
DeCaria, C. M., Hollander, E., Grossman, R., Wong, C. M., Mosovich, S., & Cherkasky, S. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Common methodological problems in research on the addictions.
Nathan, P. E., & Lansky, D. J. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.46.4.713 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
An Outcome Study of an Inpatient Treatment Program for Pathological Gamblers
Russo, A. M., McCormick, R. A., Ramirez, L. F., & Taber, J. I. (1984) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.35.8.823 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Assertions regarding effectiveness of treatment for alcoholism: Fact or fantasy?
Emrick, C. D., & Hansen, J. (1983) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.38.10.1078 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Review of Research on Pathological Gambling
Murray, J. B. (1993) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3.791 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Common methodological problems in research on the addictions.
Nathan, P. E., & Lansky, D. J. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.46.4.713 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Assertions regarding effectiveness of treatment for alcoholism: Fact or fantasy?
Emrick, C. D., & Hansen, J. (1983) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.38.10.1078 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Pathological gambling treated with cognitive behavior therapy: A case report
Toneatto, T., & Sobell, L. C. (1990) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(90)90038-y · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Alcoholism
Nathan, P. E., & Briddell, D. W. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4199-4_8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hazelden's model of treatment and its outcome.
Stinchfield, R., & Owen, P. (1998) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00015-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationFollow-up contact bias in adolescent substance abuse treatment outcome research.
Stinchfield, R. D., Niforopulos, L., & Feder, S. (1994) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1994.55.285 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationCritique of Alcoholism Treatment Evaluation
Sobell, L. C. (1978) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Gambling and problem gambling among adult Minnesotans: Changes 1990 to 1994
Emerson, M. O., & Laundergan, J. C. (1996) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/bf01539324 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Blackman, S., Simone, R. V., Thorns, D. R., & Blackman, S. (1989) · International Journal of the Addictions · doi:10.3109/10826088909047273 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Pathological gambling: A review with recommendations
Knapp, T. J., & Lech, B. C. (1987) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(87)90006-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Measuring Change in Adolescent Drug Misuse with the Personal Experience Inventory (PEI)
Stinchfield, R. D., & Winters, K. C. (1997) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826089709027297 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationMethodology: What Are the Design Issues Involved in the Defined Research Priorities?
Beutler, L. E. (1990) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e496312006-009 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Psychotherapy research: Evolution and current trends.
Strupp, H. H. (2006) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11104-005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pathological gambling: Etiology, comorbidity, and treatment.
Petry, N. M. (2005) · doi:10.1037/10894-000 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Outcome of psychological treatments of pathological gambling: a review and meta-analysis
Pallesen, S., Mitsem, M., Kvale, G., Johnsen, B., & Molde, H. (2005) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01204.x · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Jauregui, P., Estévez, A., & Urbiola, I. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.038 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hellberg, S. N., Russell, T. I., & Robinson, M. J. F. (2019) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-018-00662-3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“In fact, an analysis of various treatment outcomes revealed that 50% of individuals remain abstinent at 6 months post-gambling involvement, approximately 29% remain abstinent after 1 year, and only 15% are abstinent after 2 years (Stinchfield & Winters, 2001).”
Pathological gambling: Understanding relapses and dropouts
Aragay, N., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Granero, R., Fernández-Aranda, F., Ramos-Grille, I., Cardona, S., Garrido, G., Anisul Islam, M., Menchón, J. M., & Vallès, V. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.009 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Gambling Screens: Does Shortening the Time Frame Affect their Psychometric Properties?
Wulfert, E., Hartley, J., Lee, M., Wang, N., Franco, C., & Sodano, R. (2005) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-005-5561-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Performance of Two Pathological Gambling Screens in College Students
Weinstock, J., Whelan, J. P., Meyers, A. W., & McCausland, C. (2007) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191107305273 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sander, W., & Peters, A. (2009) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-009-9128-x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The relationship of tobacco use with gambling problem severity and gambling treatment outcome
Odlaug, B. L., Stinchfield, R., Golberstein, E., & Grant, J. E. (2013) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0029812 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Stinchfield, R., & Winters, K. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stinchfield, Randy
- ORCID
- Winters, Ken C.
- Venue
- Journal of Gambling Studies
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 217-245
- ISSN
- 1050-5350 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3602
- OpenAlex
- W1681637708
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Gambling Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- gambling addiction, outpatient care, treatment outcomes, abstinence, Gamblers Anonymous, 12-step programs, gambling frequency, financial problems, psychosocial problems
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gambling, Humans, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Program Evaluation, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review