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Rapid Onset of Pathological Gambling in Machine Gamblers
Abstract
A particularly rapid onset of pathological gambling (PG-onset) through the use of gambling machines has been widely alluded to, but this is the first study to empirically examine the phenomenon. This study compared the latency of PG-onset in those who gambled primarily on machines, compared to those who gambled primarily on more "traditional" forms of gambling at PG-onset. Subjects were 44 adult pathological gamblers (PGs) seeking outpatient treatment in Rhode Island (17 females; mean age = 46.9). Subjects completed questionnaires and a diagnostic interview including a complete history of gambling activities and the course of PG. The "latency" of PG-onset was defined as the time (in years) elapsed between the age of regular involvement in the primary form of gambling and the age at which DSM-IV criteria were first met. "Machine" PGs (n = 25) had a significantly shorter latency of onset than did "traditional" PGs (1.08 years vs. 3.58 years). Females and machine PGs had a significantly older age of onset, but gender was not associated with latency of PG-onset. Lifetime comorbidity of either substance use disorders (SUDS) or depressive disorders (DDS) was also not associated with the latency of PG-onset. The results of the current study suggest that intrapersonal variables such as gender and comorbid disorders do not generally affect the speed with which people develop PG. Rather, the social, environmental, and stimulus features of mechanized gambling are implicated. Prospective…
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“Some of the design elements that addict users to internet platforms were originally developed by engineers who drew on behavioral psychology to keep gamblers seated before the computerized slot machine monitors (electronic gambling machines or EGMs) that have largely replaced other forms of gambling in casinos (Abbott, 2017; Breen & Zimmerman, 2002; Schüll, 2014).”
From Ethics of the Attention Economy: The Problem of Social Media Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Breen & Zimmerman, 2002
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Metadata
- Authors
- Breen, R. B., & Zimmerman, M.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Breen, Robert B.
- ORCID
- Zimmerman, Mark
- Venue
- Journal of Gambling Studies
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-43
- ISSN
- 1050-5350 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3602
- OpenAlex
- W1484083998
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 5.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Gambling Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- gambling addiction, gambling machines, rapid onset, gender differences, substance use disorders, depressive disorders, comorbidities, age of onset
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Equipment Design, Female, Gambling, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Comorbidity, Disease Progression, Substance-Related Disorders
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