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Biosocial Studies of Antisocial and Violent Behavior in Children and Adults: A Review
Abstract
Despite increasing knowledge of social and biological risk factors for antisocial and violent behavior, we know surprisingly little about how these two sets of risk factors interact. This paper documents 39 empirical examples of biosocial interaction effects for antisocial behavior from the areas of genetics, psychophysiology, obstetrics, brain imaging, neuropsychology, neurology, hormones, neurotransmitters, and environmental toxins. Two main themes emerge. First, when biological and social factors are grouping variables and when antisocial behavior is the outcome, then the presence of both risk factors exponentially increases the rates of antisocial and violent behavior. Second, when social and antisocial variables are grouping variables and biological functioning is the outcome, then the social variable invariably moderates the antisocial-biology relationship such that these relationships are strongest in those from benign home backgrounds. It is argued that further biosocial research is critical for establishing a new generation of more successful intervention and prevention research.
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“These results are in line with the 'social push perspective', which hypothesizes that the influence of genetic factors is more expressed in a socioeconomically advantaged environment where the social risk factors that push or predispose an adolescent to behave antisocially are lacking (Raine, 2002).”
From Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene–environment interaction (2006) · cites this paper as Raine, 2002
In the citing paper
“However, studies have shown that children with birth complications are more likely to later develop antisocial and aggressive behavior (Raine, 2002), but birth complications may not by themselves predispose antisocial and aggressive behaviors, but will require the presence of an environmental risk factor (e.g., poor parenting, maternal rejection).”
From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Raine, 2002
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Metadata
- Authors
- Raine, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raine, Adrian
- ORCID
- Raine, Adrian
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 311-326
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W2100881949
- Cited by
- 824
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 25.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K02MH001114, K02MH01114-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- antisocial behavior, violent behavior, risk factors, psychophysiology, obstetrics, neuroimaging, neuropsychology, neurology, hormones, neurotransmitters, environmental toxins, moderation, family environment, prevention, intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Socialization, Violence, Early Intervention, Educational
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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