The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Medical and Premedical Students
Abstract
The inability to cope successfully with the enormous stress of medical education may lead to a cascade of consequences at both a personal and professional level. The present study examined the short-term effects of an 8-week meditation-based stress reduction intervention on premedical and medical students using a well-controlled statistical design. Findings indicate that participation in the intervention can effectively (1) reduce self-reported state and trait anxiety, (2) reduce reports of overall psychological distress including depression, (3) increase scores on overall empathy levels, and (4) increase scores on a measure of spiritual experiences assessed at termination of intervention. These results (5) replicated in the wait-list control group, (6) held across different experiments, and (7) were observed during the exam period. Future research should address potential long-term effects of mindfulness training for medical and premedical students.
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In the citing paper
“Overall, these studies found that MBSR reduces self-reported levels of anxiety (Shapiro, Schwartz, & Bonner, 1998; Anderson, Lau, Segal, & Bishop, 2007)”
From Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies (2011) · cites this paper as Shapiro, Schwartz, & Bonner, 1998
In the citing paper
“sense of spirituality (Astin, 1997; Shapiro et al., 1998)”
From Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies (2011) · cites this paper as Shapiro et al., 1998
In the citing paper
“empathy (Shapiro et al., 1998)”
From Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies (2011) · cites this paper as Shapiro et al., 1998
In the citing paper
“well-being (Shapiro et al., 1998; Ortner et al., 2007; Carmody and Baer, 2008)”
From Mindfulness Training Alters Emotional Memory Recall Compared to Active Controls: Support for an Emotional Information Processing Model of Mindfulness (2012) · cites this paper as Shapiro et al., 1998
In the citing paper
“empathy (Shapiro et al., 1998; Krasner et al., 2009)”
From Mindfulness Training Alters Emotional Memory Recall Compared to Active Controls: Support for an Emotional Information Processing Model of Mindfulness (2012) · cites this paper as Shapiro et al., 1998
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness-based interventions have been found to be beneficial for many forms of psychological distress, including anxiety (Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992), depression”
From Mechanisms of action in the inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress (2008) · cites this paper as Shapiro et al., 1998
In the citing paper
“Research findings have shown decreased stress [13], anxiety [14], depression [15], fatigue, anger and.stress-related cortisol [16] after exposure to various stress-reduction mindfulness-based training programs in comparison to a control group.”
From Association of mindfulness to resilience, anxiety, and depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury-a correlational study (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Crucially, the MBSR protocol appears to be effective in handling stressful events [59,60], e.g., it helps people to manage post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms [61] or cope with cancer [62,63,64].”
In the citing paper
“Other areas with initial evidence for the usefulness of mindfulness include eating disorders,24 obsessive-compulsive disorder,25 hypochondriasis,26 somatisation disorders (especially irritable bowel syndrome),27 autism-spectrum disorders (in adults)28 and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.29”
From Mindfulness in psychiatry - Where are we now? (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Shapiro et al. (1998) found that greater meditation compliance led to decreased anxiety, which led to greater empathy.”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effects of Meditation on Empathy, Compassion, and Prosocial Behaviors (2018) · cites this paper as Shapiro et al., 1998
Citations
Cites
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
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Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well
Antonovsky, A. (1987) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446221129.n9 · Cited by 5,299
Selye, H. (1956) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,224
(1962) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,856
Rogers, C. R. (1961) · Cited by 4,342
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3 · Cited by 4,255
Benson, H., Beary, J. F., & Carol, M. P. (1974) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.1974.11023785 · Cited by 2,467
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 48 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Derogatis, L. (1977). The SCL-90-R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual 1, Clinical Psychometric Research, Baltimore.
- Kabat-Zinn, J. (1993). Mindfulness meditation: Health benefits of an ancient Buddhist practice. In Goleman and Gurin (Eds.), Mind / Body Medicine, Consumer Reports Books, New York, pp. 259–275.
- Kabat-Zinn, J. (1996). Mindfulness meditation: What it is, what it isn't, and its role in health care and medicine. In Haruki, Ishii, Y., and Suzuki, M. (Eds.), Comparative and Psychological Study on Meditation, Eburon, Netherlands, pp. 161–170.
- SAS Institute (1985). SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 5, SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina.
- Shapiro, S. L., and Schwartz, G. E. (in press). The role of intention in self-regulation: Toward intentional systemic mindfulness. In Boekaerts, M., Pintrich, P. R., and Zeidner, M. (Eds.), Handbook of Self-Regulation, Academic Press, New York.
- Williams, R. B., Jr., Barefoot, J. C., and Shekelle, R. B. (1985). The health consequences of hostility. In Chesney, M. A., and Rosenman, R. H. (Eds.), Anger and Hostility in Cardiovascular and Behavioral Disorders, Hemisphere/McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 173–185.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,003 of 1,003
Marks, D. R., & Moriconi, C. D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30100-6_22 · Cited by 4
Aldbyani, A. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07454-2 · Cited by 3
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Psychiatry
Ivkovic, A., Evans, S., Mirsky, P., Ashar, Y. K., & Muskin, P. R. (2024) · Tasman’s Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_159 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E., & Bonner, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- ORCID
- Schwartz, Gary E.
- Venue
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine
- Published
- 1998-12
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 581-599
- ISSN
- 0160-7715 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3521
- OpenAlex
- W2146593346
- Cited by
- 1,493
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 91 · 2012: 87
- FWCI
- 8.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, medical students, premedical students, medical education stress, meditation, anxiety, depression, psychological distress, empathy, spiritual experience, exam stress
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Demography, Education, Medical, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Physician-Patient Relations, Psychological Tests, Spiritualism, Stress, Psychological, Students, Medical, Program Evaluation, Multivariate Analysis, Meditation
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