Cited by 292Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlNeuroscience of respiration and sleepNon-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring

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The Effects of Specific Respiratory Rates on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability

Song, Hye-Sue, Lehrer, Paul M.·2003·Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback

DOI 10.1023/a:1022312815649

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Abstract

In this study respiratory rates of 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 breaths per minute were employed to investigate the effects of these rates on heart rate variability (HRV). Data were collected 16 times at each respiratory rate on 3 female volunteers, and 12 times on 2 female volunteers. Although mean heart rates did not differ among these respiratory rates, respiratory-induced trough heart rates at 4 and 6 breaths per minute were significantly lower than those at 14 breaths per minute. Slower respiratory rates usually produced higher amplitudes of HRV than did faster respiratory rates. However, the highest amplitudes were at 4 breaths per minute. HRV amplitude decreased at 3 breaths per minute. The results are interpreted as reflecting the possible effects of the slow rate of acetylcholine metabolism and the effect of negative resonance at 3 cycles per minute.

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Authors: Song, H.-S., & Lehrer, P. M.
Corresponding author: Lehrer, Paul M.
ORCID: Lehrer, Paul M.
Venue: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-03
Volume: 28
Issue: 1
Pages: 13-23
ISSN: 0363-3586 (ISSN-L)
1090-0586
1573-3270
DOI: 10.1023/a:1022312815649
OpenAlex: W2138123121
Cited by: 292
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 1.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R1HL58805A)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Keywords: respiratory rate, heart rate variability, heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, acetylcholine metabolism, slow-paced breathing
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Baroreflex

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The Effects of Specific Respiratory Rates on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability

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