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Cognitive psychology and self-reports: Models and methods
Abstract
This article describes the models and methods that cognitive psychologists and survey researchers use to evaluate and experimentally test cognitive issues in questionnaire design and subsequently improve self-report instruments. These models and methods assess the cognitive processes underlying how respondents comprehend and generate answers to self-report questions. Cognitive processing models are briefly described. Non-experimental methods--expert cognitive review, cognitive task analysis, focus groups, and cognitive interviews--are described. Examples are provided of how these methods were effectively used to identify cognitive self-report issues. Experimental methods--cognitive laboratory experiments, field tests, and experiments embedded in field surveys--are described. Examples are provided of: (a) how laboratory experiments were designed to test the capability and accuracy of respondents in performing the cognitive tasks required to answer self-report questions, (b) how a field experiment was conducted in which a cognitively designed questionnaire was effectively tested against the original questionnaire, and (c) how a cognitive experiment embedded in a field survey was conducted to test cognitive predictions.
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“Self-report measures have been extensively used in psychology as well; but their reliability is questionable in humans (Jobe, 2003) as well as LLMs.”
From Machine Psychology (2023) · cites this paper as Jobe, 2003
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jobe, J. B.
- Affiliations
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jobe, Jared B.
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2003-05
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 219-227
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- OpenAlex
- W2135041929
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 13.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- self-report questionnaire, cognitive processing models, questionnaire design, cognitive interviewing, cognitive task analysis, focus groups, field experiments, respondent comprehension
- MeSH terms
- Attitude to Health, Cognition, Health Surveys, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research Design, Self-Assessment, Sickness Impact Profile
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