The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Word recognition and basic cognitive processes among reading-disabled and normal readers in Arabic.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It also appears to be implicated in early reading and spelling in Arabic (Saiegh-Haddad, 2013; Taha and Saiegh-Haddad, 2016, 2017), to be impaired in reading disabled readers (Abu-Rabia et al., 2003; Saiegh-Haddad and Taha, 2017), and to be used as a compensatory mechanism among reading disabled to aid their phonological deficits (Saiegh-Haddad and Taha, 2017).”
From Development and relationships between phonological awareness, morphological awareness and word reading in spoken and standard Arabic (2018) · cites this paper as Abu-Rabia et al., 2003
Citations
Cites
Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60452-1 · Cited by 9,860
Essentials of Psychological Testing
Rosner, B., & Cronbach, L. J. (1960) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419921 · Cited by 4,524
(1998) · Cited by 4,172
Ferguson, C. A. (1959) · WORD · doi:10.1080/00437956.1959.11659702 · Cited by 3,206
Phonological recoding and self-teaching: sine qua non of reading acquisition
Share, D. L. (1995) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)00645-2 · Cited by 2,352
Self-citationA COURSE IN MODERN LINGUISTICS
Hockett, C. F. (1958) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1958.tb00870.x · Cited by 2,090
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_70151 · Cited by 1,671
Explicit syllable and phoneme segmentation in the young child
Liberman, I. Y., Shankweiler, D., Fischer, F. W., & Carter, B. (1974) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-0965(74)90101-5 · Cited by 1,379
Stanovich, K. E., & Siegel, L. S. (1994) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.86.1.24 · Cited by 1,282
A Manual for the embedded figures tests
Witkin, H. A. (1971) · Consulting Psychologists Press eBooks · Cited by 1,204
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Abu-Rabia, S. (2000b). Dyslexia. Nazareth: Alnahda publications [in Arabic].
- Anastasi, A. (1988). Psychological testing (6th Ed.). New York: Macmillan.
- Crammond, J. (1992). Analyzing the basic cognitive developmental processes of children with specific types of learning disability. In R. Case (Ed.), The mind's staircase. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
- Daneman, M., Carpenter, P.A., & Just, M.A. (1982). Cognitive processes and reading skills.Advances in Reading Language Research, 1, 83-124.
- Hakes, D.T. (1982). The development of metalinguistic abilities:What develops?Language condition and culture (pp. 163-210). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
- Madkor, A. (1987). Language and current folklore. Cairo: Dar-Altha Kafa Publications [in Arabic].
- Menyuk, P. (1981). Syntactic competence and reading: Proceedings of interdisciplinary conference on language learning and reading disabilities. Queens College, New York.
- Meyler, A. (1993). Developmental associations between verbal and visual short-term memory and the acquisition of reading. Unpublished MA dissertation, University of Haifa.
- Oakhill, J.V. (1994). Individual differences in children's text comprehension. In M.A. Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of psycholinguistics (pp. 821-848). San Diego, California: Academic Press.
- Oakhill, J.V., Yuill, N.M. & Parkin, A.J. (1988). Memory and inference in skilled and lessskilled comprehenders. In M.M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris & R.N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory (Vol. 2, pp. 315-320). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
- Olson, R., Kliegel, R., Davidson, B.J. & Foltz, G. (1985). Individual developmental differences in reading disability. In G.E. MacKinnon & T.G. WaIler (Eds.), Reading research: Advances in theory and practice (pp. 1-64). New York: Academic Press.
- Perfetti, C.A. (1985). Reading ability. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Raven, J., Raven, J.C. & Court, J. H. (1993). Manual for Raven's progressive matrices andvocabulary scales revised. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
- Siegel, L.S. (1986). Phonological deficiencies in children with a reading disability. CanadianJournal of Special Education, 2, 45-54.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 206
The Impact of Bilingualism on Skills Development and Education
Wu, C., O'BRIEN, B. A., Styles, S. J., & Chen, S. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4980-9_3 · Cited by 13
Alghabban, W. G., & Hendley, R. (2020) · ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP) · doi:10.1145/3386392.3397596 · Cited by 11
Working Memory and Reading Disabilities: A Selective Meta-Analysis of the Literature
Jerman, O., & Swanson, H. L. (2005) · Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities · doi:10.1016/s0735-004x(05)18001-x · Cited by 11
Abu‐Rabia, S., Kedan, E. S., & Wattad, H. (2022) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2022.131016 · Cited by 10
Self-citationAsadi, I. A., Asli‐Badarneh, A., & Vaknin‐Nusbaum, V. (2024) · Dyslexia · doi:10.1002/dys.1761 · Cited by 13
Shahbari-Kassem, A., Schiff, R., & Saiegh‐Haddad, E. (2024) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-024-10581-0 · Cited by 25
Cohen‐Mimran, R. (2006) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-005-5461-3 · Cited by 10
Khoury-Metanis, A., & Khateb, A. (2022) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-021-10235-5 · Cited by 10
Emam, M. M., Kazem, A. M., Said, T. T. A., Al-Mamari, W. S., & Al-Monzery, R. (2014) · Review of European Studies · doi:10.5539/res.v6n3p17 · Cited by 10
Développement métalinguistique et apprentissage de la lecture chez les enfants bilingues
Besse, A., Marec‐Breton, N., & Demont, É. (2010) · Enfance · doi:10.4074/s001375451000203x · Cited by 29
COGNITIVE AND LINGUISTIC FACTORS OF READING ARABIC: THE ROLE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AWARENESS IN READING
Tibi, S. (2016) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 10
Asadi, I. A., Asli‐Badarneh, A., Al‐Janaideh, R., & Khateb, A. (2023) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-022-10366-3 · Cited by 9
Asadi, I. A., Asli‐Badarneh, A., Ibrahim, R., & Hamzah, H. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00318 · Cited by 9
Alsiddiqi, Z. A., Stojanovik, V., & Pagnamenta, E. (2021) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699206.2021.1955299 · Cited by 11
Weak English foreign language readers: the cross-linguistic impact of morphological awareness
Kahn‐Horwitz, J., & Saba, M. (2017) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-017-9810-9 · Cited by 10
Gharaibeh, M. (2021) · Dyslexia · doi:10.1002/dys.1682 · Cited by 9
The role of semantic activation during word recognition in Arabic
Taha, H. Y. (2019) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-019-00915-0 · Cited by 8
The influence of working memory on reading comprehension in vowelized versus non-vowelized Arabic
Elsayyad, H., Everatt, J., Mortimore, T., & Haynes, C. W. (2016) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-016-9705-1 · Cited by 8
Khoury-Metanis, A., Asadi, I. A., & Khateb, A. (2018) · Writing Systems Research · doi:10.1080/17586801.2018.1540375 · Cited by 9
Mansour‐Adwan, J., Asadi, I. A., & Khateb, A. (2020) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-020-10032-6 · Cited by 9
Miller, P., & Achmed, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-009-9160-x · Cited by 8
Robertson, E. K., Mimeau, C., & Deacon, S. H. (2024) · Frontiers in Language Sciences · doi:10.3389/flang.2024.1388964 · Cited by 7
Layes, S., Lalonde, R., & Rebai, M. A. (2015) · Bellaterra Journal of Teaching & Learning Language & Literature · doi:10.5565/rev/jtl3.621 · Cited by 7
Saudi public primary school teachers' knowledge and beliefs about developmental dyslexia
Abed, M. G., & Shackelford, T. K. (2021) · Dyslexia · doi:10.1002/dys.1705 · Cited by 7
Park, J. (2013) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature · doi:10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.3n.1p.12 · Cited by 7
Predictors of Word and Pseudoword Reading in Languages with Different Orthographic Consistency
Valenzuela, M. J. G., López‐Montiel, D., Chebaani, F., Cobos-Cali, M., Piedra‐Martínez, E., & Martín-Ruiz, I. (2022) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-022-09893-5 · Cited by 10
Mohamed, W., Landerl, K., & Elbert, T. R. (2014) · Literacy studies · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8545-7_5 · Cited by 7
Developing a Test of Early Arabic Literacy Skills
Hassanein, E. E. A., Johnson, E. S., Alshaboul, Y. M. K., Ibrahim, S., Megreya, A. M., Al-Hendawi, M., & Al-Attiyah, A. A. (2021) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/02702711.2021.1888349 · Cited by 7
Rosenhouse, J. K. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118332382.ch36 · Cited by 7
Arabic metalinguistic knowledge predicts reading comprehension: A scoping review
Sawad, N. B., Law, J., Tibi, S., & Boese, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2022.984340 · Cited by 6
Asadi, I. A., Atila, N., & Saleh, S. (2023) · Literacy Research and Instruction · doi:10.1080/19388071.2023.2208187 · Cited by 8
Almusawi, H. M. (2019) · Ampersand · doi:10.1016/j.amper.2019.100050 · Cited by 6
Examining Factors That Predict Arabic Word Reading in First and Second Graders
Hassanein, E. E. A., Johnson, E. S., Alshaboul, Y. M. K., Ibrahim, S., & Megreya, A. M. (2021) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2021.1907637 · Cited by 6
Khamis-Dakwar, R., & Makhoul, B. (2022) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2021.2025243 · Cited by 6
Reading reform in Egypt: Do the second-grade textbooks reflect the new direction?
Boyle, H. N., & Salah, W. (2017) · Prospects · doi:10.1007/s11125-018-9435-z · Cited by 7
Haddad-Najjar, L., & Abu-Rabia, S. (2024) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/13670069241300286 · Cited by 8
Self-citationThe influence of visual attention on letter recognition and reading acquisition in Arabic
Ghandour, A., Trouche, E., Guillo, D., & Valdois, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1628051 · Cited by 4
Khamis-Dakwar, R., Froud, K., Dolan, C. T., & Westrope, C. (2022) · Literacy studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80072-7_19 · Cited by 5
Reading in kindergarten Arabic-speaking children with low linguistic skills: A longitudinal study
Mansour‐Adwan, J., Shalhoub‐Awwad, Y., Cohen‐Mimran, R., & Khateb, A. (2023) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s014271642300019x · Cited by 5
Asadi, I. A., Asli‐Badarneh, A., Elhija, D. A., & Mansour‐Adwan, J. (2023) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00153 · Cited by 5
Generating acceptable Arabic Core Vocabularies and Symbols for AAC users
Draffan, E. A., Wald, M., Halabi, N., Sabia, O., Zaghouani, W., Kadous, A., Idris, A., Zeinoun, N., Banes, D., & Lawand, D. (2015) · Workshop on Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies · doi:10.18653/v1/w15-5116 · Cited by 5
Layes, S., Kaddouri, A., Lalonde, R., & Rebai, M. A. (2021) · Journal of International Special Needs Education · doi:10.9782/jisne-d-19-00023 · Cited by 5
Beginning Readers in Arabic and the Distance between Literary and Spoken Arabic
Ibrahim, R. (2013) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2013.45046 · Cited by 5
Layes, S., Lalonde, R., & Rebai, M. A. (2021) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/1034912x.2021.1952936 · Cited by 4
Joubran-Awadie, N., & Shalhoub‐Awwad, Y. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00456 · Cited by 4
The Complex Nature of Text Reading Difficulties: The Case of Bilingual Children
Ibrahim, R., Shibel, S., & Hertz‐Lazarowitz, R. (2014) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2014.516194 · Cited by 4
Reading Comprehension Subgroups in Arabic: A Simple but Not a Multiplicative Model
Asadi, I. A. (2017) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2017.1387835 · Cited by 4
Makhoul, B., Olshtain, E., & Ibrahim, R. (2015) · JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS · doi:10.24297/jal.v5i2.5185 · Cited by 4
Inflectional morphology and reading comprehension in low SES Arabic-speaking second graders
Vaknin‐Nusbaum, V., & Makhoul, B. (2024) · First Language · doi:10.1177/01427237241272523 · Cited by 7
Comparison between two phonological awareness tasks in Arabic
Al-Shdifat, K. G., Al-Kadi, T., Quran, M. A., Alqudah, S., & Alhanada, M. (2024) · Ampersand · doi:10.1016/j.amper.2024.100177 · Cited by 3
Alshahrani, A. (2023) · PSYCHOLINGUISTICS · doi:10.31470/2309-1797-2023-33-1-26-40 · Cited by 3
Tyasning, D. M., Masykuri, M., & Mulyani, S. (2015) · Cited by 3
Syntax Functions and Reading Comprehension in Arabic Orthography
Abu‐Rabia, S. (2021) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/02702711.2021.1912866 · Cited by 10
Self-citationDahud, R. M. A., Ibrahim, R., & Shany, M. (2015) · JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS · doi:10.24297/jal.v5i2.5190 · Cited by 3
Cognitive and Linguistic Dynamics of Reading Remediation
Papadopoulos, T. C., Ktisti, C., Christoforou, C., & Loizou, M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410388-7.00016-6 · Cited by 3
Bilingualism, literacy and reading achievement
O'BRIEN, B. A., Yin, B., Li, L., Zhang, D., Chin, C. F., Zhao, S., & Vaish, V. (2014) · NIE Digital Repository (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University) · Cited by 3
Caglar‐Ryeng, Ø. (2010) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 3
Makhoul, B., & Copti-Mshael, T. (2020) · Culture and Education · doi:10.1080/11356405.2020.1746899 · Cited by 2
Age-related changes in reading performance in normally sighted Arabic-speaking adults
Alabdulkader, B., Almatar, H., Alshubaili, H., AlSaud, S., Almutleb, E. S., Alhassan, M., & Almustanyir, A. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1080/08164622.2023.2298777 · Cited by 2
Makhoul, B., & Ibrahim, R. (2014) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2014.519222 · Cited by 2
DelliCarpini, M. (2011) · Applied Linguistics Review · doi:10.1515/9783110239331.241 · Cited by 2
Al-Dawsari, H. M., & Hendley, R. (2024) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwad050 · Cited by 2
Reading ability and diglossia in Kuwaiti primary schools
Ali, S. N. (2014) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 2
Diglossia and Arabic Literacy: From Research to Practice
Hashem, R. (2022) · British Journal of Education · doi:10.37745/bje.2013/vol10n11113 · Cited by 1
Elbeheri, G. (2023) · Literacy studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26250-0_6 · Cited by 1
The Arabic-Phonological Processing Test (A-PPT): development, validity, and reliability
Alkhamra, R., Hani, H. A. B., Al‐Jazi, A. B., & Alkhamra, H. A. (2024) · Speech Language and Hearing · doi:10.1080/2050571x.2024.2303829 · Cited by 1
The Role of Phonological Awareness in Word Reading: A Cross-Sectional Study of Moroccan Children
Ouakyly, I. E., & Yeou, M. (2025) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/02702711.2025.2566040 · Cited by 1
Asli‐Badarneh, A., & Awawdeh, B. (2026) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-026-10877-3 · Cited by 1
Neurolinguistic analysis of a case of phonological alexia in Arabic language
Taiebine, M., & Faris, M. E. A. (2019) · Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders · doi:10.21849/cacd.2019.00080 · Cited by 1
Rizik, S. S., Khateb, A., & Pegna, A. J. (2021) · Open Journal of Modern Linguistics · doi:10.4236/ojml.2021.113028 · Cited by 1
Asadi, I. A., Kasperski, R., & Sarid, M. (2023) · Dyslexia · doi:10.1002/dys.1735 · Cited by 3
Farran, L. K., Bingham, G. E., & Matthews, M. W. (2014) · Literacy studies · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8545-7_16 · Cited by 1
Electronic Reading and Writing in Spoken and Written Arabic: A Case Study
Ibrahim, R., Taha, H. Y., Dabous, A. A., & Khateb, A. (2013) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.4304/tpls.3.9.1497-1508 · Cited by 1
Tweedie, M. G., Johnson, R. C., Kay, D. W., & Shimoda, J. (2018) · Journal of educational thought. · doi:10.55016/ojs/jet.v48i1-2.44221 · Cited by 1
Alkhamra, H. A., Al-Natour, M., Abu-Dahab, S., & Al-Abdallat, B. M. M. (2012) · International Journal of Special Education (IJSE) · Cited by 1
Abu‐Rabia, S., Tarabeh, K., & Wattad, H. (2022) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2022.132023 · Cited by 1
Self-citationGu, Y., & Liu, W. (2023) · Open Journal of Modern Linguistics · doi:10.4236/ojml.2023.132020 · Cited by 2
Dyslexia in the UAE: Developing a framework for Screening and Support
Almaazmi, A. (2013) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 1
Vowel blindness: Computer-mediated help options for Arabic EFL learners
Alsadoon, R. (2015) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1
Effect of Empathic Tones on Spelling Ability among Native Arab Children
Ibrahim, R., & Badarny, S. (2015) · JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS · doi:10.24297/jal.v6i1.4555
Jabbour, M., Ibrahim, R., & Shany, M. (2015) · JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS · doi:10.24297/jal.v5i2.2822
Zakharia, Z., Arnstein, T., Mason, L., & Ghaffar-Kucher, A. (2005)
The Influence of Diglossia on Different Types of Phonological Abilities
Asadi, I. A., Ibrahim, R., & Safra, E. J. (2014)
ATINER's Conference Paper Series EDU2013-0628
Makhoul, B. (2013)
Emam, M. M., Al-Monzery, R., Al-Said, S. K., Al-Kalbani, J., Al-Lemky, M., & Al-Mekmary, S. (2014) · International Journal of Social Science and Humanity · doi:10.7763/ijssh.2015.v5.580
Spelling Errors Made By Persian Children With Developmental Dyslexia
Ahmadpanah, M., Haghighi, M., Padakannaya, P., Ghaleiha, A., Jahangard, L., Nazaribadie, M., & Akhondi, A. (2015) · Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psych Physiology · doi:10.17795/ajnpp-34659
Early literacy education in Arabic
Saiegh‐Haddad, E., & Everatt, J. (2017) · doi:10.4324/9781315766027.ch15
Ahmed, D. M. H., Montésinos‐Gelet, I., & Charron, A. (2019) · Revue des sciences de l éducation · doi:10.7202/1058112ar
Allmark, N. (2022) · English language education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91881-1_7
Le traitement orthographique du mot écrit en arabe
Zeghli, H., Bouanani, M., & Lété, B. (2022) · Psychologie Française · doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2022.01.002
Bignardi, G., Mareva, S., & Astle, D. E. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/kqtsd
Moreira, C. R. L., Demont, É., de Paula, F. V., & Besse, A. (2022) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.3917/anpsy1.231.0003
Layes, S., Tibi, S., Cohen, M., & Lombardino, L. J. (2023) · Learning Disability Quarterly · doi:10.1177/07319487231176544
Kiadan, J. (2023) · Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science · doi:10.1007/s41809-023-00135-1
Reid, G. (2016) · Dyslexia · doi:10.1002/9781394259274.refs
Identification of Written Words in Dyslexic and Non-Dyslexic Arabic-Speaking Learners of L2 French
Dalle, L. (2024) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1005039
Emam, M. M., Alkaaf, F. M., & Bakry, M. S. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7425074/v1
Working with Students from North Africa
Akasha, O., & Elhess, M. (2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64113-021-920251028
Metadata
- Authors
- Abu-Rabia, S., Share, D., & Mansour, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Haifa (IL)
- ORCID
- Share, David
- Venue
- Reading and Writing
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 423-442
- ISSN
- 0922-4777 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0905
- OpenAlex
- W1518880878
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Reading and Writing (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- reading disorders, dyslexia, Arabic reading, word recognition, phonological decoding, orthographic processing, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, syntactic awareness, working memory, visual processing, Arabic orthography, cognitive processes in reading
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review