Cited by 974Intimate Partner and Family ViolenceChild Abuse and TraumaChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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The Effects of Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence: A Meta-Analysis and Critique

Wolfe, David A., Crooks, Claire V., Lee, Vivien, McIntyre-Smith, Alexandra, Jaffe, Peter G.·2003·Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

DOI 10.1023/a:1024910416164

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Abstract

A wide range of children's developmental outcomes are compromised by exposure to domestic violence, including social, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and general health functioning. However, there are relatively few empirical studies with adequate control of confounding variables and a sound theoretical basis. We identified 41 studies that provided relevant and adequate data for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Forty of these studies indicated that children's exposure to domestic violence was related to emotional and behavioral problems, translating to a small overall effect (Zr = .28). Age, sex, and type of outcome were not significant moderators, most likely due to considerable heterogeneity within each of these groups. Co-occurrence of child abuse increased the level of emotional and behavioral problems above and beyond exposure alone, based on 4 available studies. Future research needs are identified, including the need for large-scale longitudinal data and theoretically guided approaches that take into account relevant contextual factors.

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Authors: Wolfe, D. A., Crooks, C. V., Lee, V., McIntyre-Smith, A., & Jaffe, P. G.
Affiliations: Western University (CA)
Corresponding author: Wolfe, David A.
ORCID: Wolfe, David A.
Crooks, Claire V.
Jaffe, Peter G.
Venue: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-09
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Pages: 171-187
ISSN: 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
1573-2827
DOI: 10.1023/a:1024910416164
OpenAlex: W2158108394
Cited by: 970
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 67
FWCI: 1.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: domestic violence exposure, children, emotional problems, behavioral problems, child abuse, child development, confounding variables, moderators, effect size heterogeneity
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Domestic Violence, Crime Victims

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The Effects of Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence: A Meta-Analysis and Critique

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